The Avant-garde Architecture O :: essays research papers

The Chinese-American modeler Ieoh Ming Pei (I.M) is known as probably the best planner of the Twentieth Century. His long, splendid vocation was featured by a few universally acclaimed structures. While a significant number of Pei’s structures were commonly acknowledged by the general population, some of them encouraged decent measures of discussion. The most eminent of these dubious structures is his Glass Pyramid at the passage of the Louver in Paris. Therefore, I.M. Pei is by all accounts a planner who shows enthusiasm for the vanguard through both the imaginative structure and aestheticism of his design. Pei was conceived in China in 1917 and moved to the United States in 1935. He initially went to the University of Pennsylvania yet developed unconfident in his drawing abilities so he dropped out and sought after building at MIT. After Pei chose to come back to design, he earned degrees from both MIT and Harvard. In 1956, after he had educated at Harvard for a long time, he set up I.M. Pei and Partners, a structural firm that has been known as Pei Cobb Freed and Partners since 1989. This firm is renowned for its effective and reasonable answers for an assortment of plan issues. They are answerable for huge numbers of the biggest pubic and private development extends in the second 50% of this century. A portion of these undertakings incorporate the East Building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C., the John F. Kennedy Memorial Library in Boston, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland. At the point when French President Francois Mitterand â€Å"personally chose Mr. Pei in 1983 to plan the Grand Louver to give air, space, and light to one of the world’s most clogged museums,† (Markham, 1989) there were numerous pundits. The press â€Å"lambasted breaking the amicability of the Louvre’s yard with a glass iceberg† (Markham, 1989). In any case, Pei continued as arranged, facing a significant challenge in making a glass pyramid structure at the passageway. He didn't concentrate on what the pundits would state about his arrangements, however trusted that the world would see, upon fulfillment, that his vision of a contemporary, utilitarian passage would not conflict with the Baroque style of the Louver itself. At the point when the pyramid was finished in 1989, Pei’s articulation of cutting edge craftsmanship was not so much acknowledged. Numerous pundits applauded the desire with which the draftsman structured it, however derided numerous parts of its usefulness: â€Å"The down to earth issue is that the Pyramid, when you get inside, is uproarious, hot, and disorienting† (Campbell, 1989).

Relationship Between Tectonic Architecture And Materials Cultural Studies Essay

Connection Between Tectonic Architecture And Materials Cultural Studies Essay The accompanying proposition looks to recognize and inspect the connection between structural design and materials. In spite of the fact that materials are surrounding us; we regularly don't set aside the effort to look at them; to genuinely think about their incorporation, thus there very nearness is frequently underestimated. So as to accentuate the significance of materials in engineering; this examination question concentrated on talking about How do materials assume a key structure job in structural design? The proposal utilized two principle procedures. The primary was a writing survey, which incorporates a far reaching audit of the writing that was instrumental in tending to the fundamental points, materials and structural engineering. The second was a model put together investigation which centered with respect to a specific structure. It looks at how an adjustment in materials could influence the structure of a structure; and in this way underscores the key job materials play in structural design. The discoveries of the examination featured the way that materials do in fact assume a key job in the plan of structural structures; and at times they can be the fundamental driver for the underlying structure. Anyway it was additionally settled that there are numerous other contributory elements which likewise influence the general structure. Factors, for example, the structure, the creating of development, advancement, the utilization of front line innovation, the joint effort of the plan group as they work in cooperative energy with the engineer, lastly the approachs of learning by doing or encouraging training through the educating of others. Definitions/Glossary Structural Architecture A non-solid structure, collected utilizing various materials, procedures and assets in the demonstration of development making and revealingâ [1]â . Stereotomic Architecture A self-supporting solid structure created from enunciated strong components. Atectonic A mix of structural and sterotomic building methods. The making of development This isn't only a joint or a development detail; it is the creating together of materials and surface through bespoke methods. Green plan Philosophy that regards ecological properties as structure destinations and not as requirements. Innovative Refers to innovation that is at the front line or the most cutting edge innovation right now accessible. Genuineness The thought that a structure will show its actual reason and not be embellishing Materials The issue from which a thing is or can be madeâ [2]â Constructivist encouraging philosophies Constructivist instructing depends on the conviction that learning happens as students are effectively associated with a procedure of importance and information development as opposed to latently accepting informationâ [3]â . All works of engineering include an imaginative exchange among thoughts and materials to which the two producers and pundits have over and over been happy to allocate moral valueâ [4]â List of chapters 1.0 Introduction Materials are not stylish; they are a need for the acknowledgment of creativityâ [5]â Checking out the fabricated condition, one can see materials are all over the place; yet they are not frequently addressed; when were they created? How are they picked? How are they utilized? For what reason would they say they were assembled with a certain goal in mind? Were the right materials chosen? Notwithstanding these inquiries modelers should likewise address issues around reason and configuration; would materials be able to be the main thrust behind their structures or are they inconsequential, only an aesthetical element of the structure. Endeavoring to dive into and address a portion of these inquiries has prompted the exploration of this theory; to be specific How do materials assume a key structure job in structural engineering? This postulation plans to comprehend structural engineering and the job of materials in the plan of a structure. One has an essential comprehension of what these words mean from the glossary anyway there is a need to investigate where they have originated from and how they have and will influence design. In investigating this thought there is a need to recognize, where structural engineering and materials started, how they have developed after some time, and going ahead what bearing would they say they are going in? The proposition will talk about some of these issues so as to address the exploration question. The paper will inspect the accompanying fundamental parts; Joint/The making of development, the structural advancement of enormous range, twentieth century present day structural designers, 21st century structural natural engineering and a model based examination. Research strategies This postulation is mutually done through two research techniques. The principal comprises of the writing survey, and was under taken to increase a top to bottom comprehension of structural engineering and the multifaceted nature of materials. The second includes a model based research which was led through the investigation of drawings so as to comprehend the impact of a material change on a structural structure. The initial five parts will examine the key job materials play on structural engineering. It will take a gander at both the hypothesis and the reasonable side of this subject; with explanatory drawings to additionally build up this guideline. This investigation will be completed by means of auxiliary research, containing books, diaries, paper articles, electrical diaries, distributed meetings and sites. Research will be completed on the two subjects, beginning with the structure and working of the simple cabin to the advancement of the contemporary structural engineering. Parts six will be an inside and out investigation in to a model based research, where the inquiry will be posed if materials do assume a key job in structural engineering and if there was varieties in materials would the structure plan and space changed. The investigation will intend to show how significant materials are to the structure plan with 3 dimensional drawings. 2.0 Joint/The creating of development Frequently it is the expressiveness of the jointing which acculturates structures and gives them their inviting feel.â [6]â In Greek, the term structural originates from the work tekton, which recommends woodworker or manufacturer. In the fifth century, the significance developed into the job of the tekton. This prompted the rise of the ace manufacturer or architekton. Kenneth Frampton saw that Adolf Heinrich Borbein asserted this significance would in the end change to a tasteful instead of a mechanical class. Frampton noted in his book Studies in Tectonic Culture that Karl Otfied Muller, in his third version of Handbuch der Archaologie der Kunst, that tektones was particular, concerning individuals in development or bureau creators which utilized an explicitly utilitarian or dry joint, however this did exclude dirt and metal working in the significance. This gave the meaning of structural as the joint or the joining through the development procedure. In 1851 Gottfried Semper, distributed his book, The Four Elements of Architecture (Die vier Elemente der Baukunst). He put together a portion of his components with respect to a Caribbean hovel (see figure 1) that he saw at the incredible presentation of 1851 and he isolated the residence into four components, 1 the earthwork, 2 the hearth, 3 the structure (counting the rooftop) and 4 the lightweight skin or membraneâ [7]â . On the base of these four components, Semper classed the structure makes into two essential various methods: the tectonics of the lightweight casing work and the stereotomic of the base. Semper outlined the utilization of the stereotomic base where mud-block and stone were set on the ground, on to which the lightweight confined structure sat. Frampton considered the stereotomic base to be load bearing workmanship, climate stone and mud block. He noticed the significance of the lightweight confined structure, where he considered the to be of the bunch as a central component in empowering the integrating of the lightweight segments. The bunch prompted the making sure about of the casing and was seen by Semper as a complex jointing of development. Around the globe, this method can be obviously observed, where rope is utilized to tie lightweight structures together; featuring how locally accessible materials were used to fabricate cottages. African inborn societies utilized a wide scope of vertical screen dividers where the rope tie was the key development component. The Gogo house in Tanzania was worked from tree limbs where a rope tie was utilized to hold the structure together while mud was worked around the structure. In contrast with this, the Kuba cottage found in the southeast of the Congo was raised utilizing woven mats, again with all joints being hitched along with rope. Semper featured the improvement of bunches into a weaving procedure, which in this way prompted the production of structures texture. Structures, for example, the Bedouin ancestral cabins were amassed utilizing privately sourced materials in a weaving way so as to fabricate solid cottages; as contradict to those which were worked with hitches. Woven dividers were a type of wattle constructionâ [8]â , which was portrayed by Allen Noble as vertical stakes, each fitted into a gap or opening in one even and wipe into a section or another gap in the other individual from the system. Materials, for example, osiers, reeds or flimsy portions of oak were most commonâ [9]â . This style of wattle development is still being used today in the structure of wall; anyway it led to the headway in wattle and smear development, which can be seen in numerous vernacular structures far and wide today. Cherie Wendelken in his article on The Tectonics of Japanese Style: Architect and Carpenter in the Late Meiji Period noticed that Japanese engineering had incredible symbolical structures which were essentially structural, whereby privately sourced material, for example, grasses and bamboo columns were being hitched together. The fifteenth century Japanese house was developed with a woven faã §ade. These houses were worked in a post and shaft encircled way with woven infilling dividers which took into consideration flexibl

How to Maximize the Value of GRC (Governance, Risk and Compliance)

How to Maximize the Value of GRC (Governance, Risk and Compliance) Having goals and objectives is one thing; working towards achieving them is another. It is easy to set forth what you want your business to achieve, to accomplish, or to become in the near or distant future. The hard part is making it happen.To do that, GRC is required. © Shutterstock.com | garagestockIn this article, I explore 1) governance, risk management and compliance,  2) the value of GRC, and  3) how to maximize the value of GRC.GOVERNANCE, RISK MANAGEMENT AND COMPLIANCEIn business management, a relatively new term has cropped up: GRC. GRC stands for Governance, Risk (Management), and Compliance â€" the three concepts that serve as the guideposts assuring the realization of the company or organization’s objectives. Over the years, GRC has evolved into a discipline or approach employed by corporations in their actions within the organization in accordance with the guidelines that have been previously set for each category.Normally, you will find GRC solutions being more popular in the IT industry, which is characterized mainly by ambiguous and often confusing lines of communication as well as knowledge-sharing capabilities. Information traffic is heavy in this industry, and IT companies find GRC to offer the most beneficial and effective so lutions. © Wikimedia Commons | TdeathTo understand GRC better, let us take a look at its three dimensions.GovernanceGovernance is defined as the “combination of processes established and executed by the board of directors that are reflected in the organization’s structure, and how these processes are managed towards achieving the organizational goals”.Being the oversight role, governance refers to the overall management approach undertaken by top management. All the activities performed under this category are designed to ensure that critical and relevant management information are able to reach the management team on a timely basis, and that the information are accurate, sufficient and complete. In turn, this will facilitate the decision-making process. Activities are also carried out in order to come up with control mechanisms that will see to it that the decisions made by top management are carried out.The processes included in this category are:Documentation of process and risksIde ntification and documentation of controls in placeAssessment of the effectiveness of the controlsDisclosure and certification of compliance processesRemediation of issuesRisk ManagementAs the phrase implies, this refers to predicting or anticipating risks that can potentially hinder the organization from achieving its objectives, and managing them accordingly.Risks are constant when it comes to business. The task of businesses is to identify these risks promptly and deal with them. Thus, the management has to identify the risks that may adversely affect the realization of the business objectives of the company. Then they will have to analyze which risks are serious and need immediate attention. They will then have to find ways to respond to or handle these risks.But it does not end there. Risk management also encompasses monitoring the results of the risk mitigation actions that have been implemented.The risk management processes include:Identification and classification of risksAss essment of risksMitigation of risksReporting on the containment of the risksComplianceThis refers to conforming, not only with the organization’s policies and procedures but also to government laws and external regulations. It entails identifying those that have to be complied with and assessing the state of compliance of the company. A cost-benefit analysis is also called for when evaluating the possible impact of non-compliance with the rules.Compliance processes normally involve:Documentation of processes and risks of compliance and non-complianceIdentification, definition and documentation of compliance controls in placeAssessment of the effectiveness of the controlsDisclosure and certification of compliance processesRemediation of compliance issuesTHE VALUE OF GRCBusinesses often manage the governance, risk management, and compliance separately. The integrated GRC approach combines all three to streamline their governance, risk management, and compliance initiatives. This is more effective and efficient, since it reduces or even eliminates duplication and redundancy of work. It saves time, effort and money â€" resources that all businesses will do well to use wisely.A possible scenario that may arise from independently handling the three is having multiple systems that will essentially address the same issues. After all, there are issues that cross-cuts across two, or all three, categories. With the GRC approach, it is possible to come up with a single system that will address all the issues. This will certainly avoid confusion among members of the organization, since they have a single point of reference, instead of having to turn this way and that.Thus, it is important that organizations be able to manage and track its GRC processes and activities in a streamlined and coordinated manner in order to ensure corporate integrity, sustainability, and profitability.HOW TO MAXIMIZE THE VALUE OF GRCGRC will do wonders for your business. But only if it is done right. It is not enough that you have GRC programs in place. You have to make sure you maximize the value that you will derive from GRC. Let us take a look at how we can get the most out of our GRC programs.Step 1: Design GRC programs to be flexibleKeep in mind that GRC is not a one-time thing. It must continually reassess how the company can effectively and efficiently meet its strategic objectives.Step 2: Simplify your GRC processesIf you are to establish a risk and control governance model as one of your GRC processes, make sure that the model is comprehensive and encompasses the entire organization or enterprise, not just key divisions or operating centers. This will ensure the balance of the corporate risk strategy that will be employed by the business, and will also clearly define and delineate the responsibilities of key personnel and employees.Within an organization, there are a lot of functions, most of which are markedly different from each other. It is now up to the orga nization to align those functions â€" even the highly differentiated ones â€" in order to make their GRC programs succeed.Establishment of an enterprise-wide risk and control governance modelWhy is it important to have a risk governance model? That is because:It ensures a balanced corporate risk strategy;It defines the responsibilities for risk oversight and ownership;It enhances risk monitoring and sets the risk culture tone throughout the organization.Take note that the model must be enterprise-wide, and not just limited to specific divisions or departments.Using risk building blocks that are focused on risk strategy, identification, assessment, and governanceA risk and control governance model will not be effective if it does not have the basic risk building blocks, which include the following:A comprehensive and formal risk strategy that addresses risk appetite and vision: Decision making will be enabled if you have a comprehensive risk strategy in place, since the business now has an established response to the risks that it is exposed to. Being risk averse is good, but only to a certain extent. Too much aversion to risk puts the management in danger of playing it safe and generally avoiding risky ventures, even if the potential for returns is just as high, or even higher, than the risk.A formal risk identification process: The first step to managing risk is being able to identify them. Therefore, there is a need for the business to have a process in place that will identify these risks. Keep in mind that risks are constant, so risk management is also a continuous job. But it is not enough that the process be able to identify the risks. It should also be able to assess the impact of the risks to the organization and come up with a risk response when the risk event occurs. The process should also be able to facilitate communicating the stance or position of the organization to all stakeholders.Risk assessments: After identifying risks, it is important to c onduct assessments to see how the risks figure in the key strategies and overall business strategy of the company. The risks are also going to impact performance so this, too, should also be assessed. Results of risk assessment will give management a clearer picture of the organization’s strengths and weaknesses, as well as the threats and opportunities that it will likely be exposed to.Risk governance: Risk management is not a divisional undertaking; it is enterprise-wide. Therefore, the risk strategy that the company decides to take must be balanced across all levels and divisions of the organization. The most important factor for the success of risk governance is to ensure that a risk culture is firmly established within the organization, and not just the executive or top management level.Convergence of GRC functions and processes A poorly designed GRC program will likely encounter problems with processes and activities being repetitive, or with systems being duplicated within the same organization. This is definitely inefficient, since the company will end up spending two, three or more times the amount when it could only spend on one. Manpower, money and other resources will be spread thinly, or the company will end up using more of these resources.For example, the organization can conduct a GRC process in the internal audit, and another GRC process in legal compliance. The company will be spending twice since there are two processes. However, it turns out that the two processes are the same. Think of the savings if they simply conducted one process that will encompass both functions.Risk and compliance convergence entails the following:Aligning the company’s mandates and scope;Coordinating infrastructure and people, paying special attention to your people’s skill sets and the resources on hand; andPutting emphasis on consistent methods and practices employed by the business.When we speak of convergence of GRC functions and activities, we are essent ially talking about consolidation and standardization of these functions and activities across the organization. The benefits of doing so include:Reduction of costs: Cost savings arise from the reduction of spending on personnel, time and other resources. Reduced redundancy, duplication and repetition of processes will result in savings.Improved risk coverage and enhancement of integration: Since the resources are not spread too thinly, and there is balance in the distribution of functions, risk is better monitored. Monitoring will be on an organizational level instead of department and process level. Improvement of business processes will also be greatly assured since the organization will be able to keep its eyes on the risk exposures and act accordingly in the face of risk events.Maximization of value of risk management activities: Improvement of business processes will be greatly assured since the organization will be able to keep its eyes on the risk exposures and act according ly in the face of risk events.Step 3: Use an integrated risk management approachThe first step to an integrated risk management approach is the identification and understanding of the different risks that the business is subjected to. For this purpose, we will make use of the Robert Kaplan and Anette Mikes risk framework.1. Preventable risks are operational and financial risks that arise from within the company. It does not generate strategic benefits and actually cost money when an event occurs, which is why the organization takes steps to eliminate, avoid or mitigate them. If these do not work, find a way to transfer these risks in a most cost-effective manner, reducing the monetary loss to the company. Aside from costing money, these risks also have a negative impact on the company’s reputation within the industry it operates in.Examples:Inaccurate financial statementsNoncompliance with laws and regulations, resulting in fines and penaltiesPotential responses:Creation of a good mission statementDrawing up rules and setting up systems for standard operating procedures that will be followed by all members of the organizationEstablishing internal controls and internal audit mechanisms2. Strategic risks are risks that arise from management’s business gambles. Going into business is already a gamble in itself and, as all gambles go, it comes with a risk. There is a principle followed by aggressive entrepreneurs: “high risk, high return”. If you want to get more, you have to put more on the line. This does not mean, however, that businesses should take risks blindly. The risks should be strategic. If the organization would like to earn high returns, it must be prepared to take high risks. But the business will have to take steps in order to lessen or avoid the negative impact of the risks it has chosen to face head on. The goal of the management, then, is to strike a balance between risk mitigation and value creation.Examples:Acquiring smaller companies f or purposes of expansionExpansion into emerging or new marketsPotential responses:Brainstorming within the management team to discuss the risks involved and potential growth of business decisionsEstablishing risk tolerancesConducting predictive discussions, going over all possible scenariosMonitoring risk indicators by using key risk indicator scorecards3. External risks are risks that arise outside the organization. Being external in nature, the company has no control over them. Since this is the case, all the organization can do is to take steps that will reduce the negative effects of the risk events in case they take place, and to ensure that the company will be able to “bounce back” quickly.Examples:Force majeure and other natural and man-made disastersEconomic upheavalsPotential responses:Limiting exposure of the business to the risk eventsConducting scenario analysis and assessing the ability of the organization to tolerate and respond, should the risk event occurStep 4: Consider using GRC technologyMost GRC processes are heavy on data, information and detail, hence the need for automation. Technology has now become one of the tools that businesses turn to in order to ensure that processes and operations are executed effectively and efficiently.Through GRC technology, the business will have greater opportunities for optimization and standardization. Automation of processes and centralization of information in the organization are integral characteristics of using GRC technology.The most common GRC technology activities are:Standardization and automation of controls and processes;Maintenance of only one version of risk and control date;Real-time and dynamic risk and control intelligence and reporting;Management of holistic views of risk and compliance exposures;Analysis of risk-driven indicators.Again, when done right, GRC technology will help the company in achieving its objectives. Businesses are advised to consider taking the following steps in or der to bolster their GRC technology.Comprehensive GRC road map: A GRC road map, especially one that spans multiple years, is best presented in a road map that displays all the program elements, as well as the key milestones and integration points throughout the period.Executive sponsorships: The executive sponsorships must span both business and information technology in order for it to qualify as a GRC technology, and they should show that the technology is aligned with the GRC program as a whole.Business case: When preparing a business case, it must be comprehensive and clearly indicate a return on investment which is aided by the use of the GRC technology employed in your organization’s GRC program.GRC is not something that a business can learn overnight and implement without any hitches and glitches. Even the more established companies take a while to get the hang of it. However, once it is fully understood and properly implemented, there is no stopping the business from achie ving its goals. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons | Tdeath under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

Social Disorganization And Inequality Methodology

Social Disorganization And Inequality Methodology Unit 8 Assignment 1 Ann-Marie Cameron Capella University Dr. Conis December 2, 2015 Hypotheses or Research Question The research question or hypotheses is to test the previous sample against our research sampling of social disorganized local surrounding (communities/neighborhoods) in the state of Georgia and thereby inspect whether there is adequate variation that exists amongst those communities/neighborhoods that will supply useful data for this analysis. The following questions are addressed: Questions for this research: 1) What is the relationship between African American, Caucasian and the Latino communities’/ neighborhood social structure, crime rate and delinquent opportunity structures? 2) What is the combined effect of communities’/neighborhood â€Å"social structure, social processes, and delinquent opportunity structures on rates of juvenile delinquency† (Kingston, Huizinga, Elliott, 2009, p. 61)? How conclusive will the research results be? The research data should be very conclusive as long as the individuals that will be in the study are able to comply with the research questions. This research will allow them the opportunity to be counted and heard in regards to their neighborhood social disorganization as well as the social structures and crime rate factors that might be causing these issues in their area. This research has also considered that it could lack decisive data if the researchShow MoreRelatedSocial Disorganization And Inequality Methodology1226 Words   |  5 Pages Social Disorganization and Inequality Methodology Unit 8 Assignment 1 Ann-Marie Cameron Capella University Dr. Conis December 2, 2015 Hypotheses or Research Question The research question or hypotheses is to test the previous sample against our research sampling of social disorganized local surrounding (communities/neighborhoods) in the state of Georgia and thereby inspect whether there is adequate variation that exists amongst those communities/neighborhoods that will supply usefulRead MoreHigh School Dropout Levels951 Words   |  4 Pagesprevent and handle this issue. So, where will the research focus be for these states? It will start by examining the schools within these neighborhoods first, because the education system can give public safety leaders an idea of how this can impact inequality (e.g. high school dropout levels, kids having kids, lack of parental guidance, etc.). Then we need to examine the communities to see what type of living environment is within those communities, like â€Å"Broken Windows (theory)†, meaning are there dilapidatedRead MoreDisorganization Theory Of Criminology And Criminology Essay1789 Words   |  8 PagesDisorganization theory of criminology Name Institution Disorganization theory of criminology Borski, J., and Harold. (1995). Social disorganization theory: influence of society and environment to crime: New York: Lexington. The two researchers use data from the Lexington library to determine how the environment people live in can influence their behaviors. It means that the social organization theory focuses on the effect of society towards crime. When a society or the people in it do not holdRead MoreThe Development of the Chicago Schools1684 Words   |  7 Pagesintroducing the Chicago School theory, also known as the, Theory of Social Disorganisation and the Ecological School Theory. The University of Chicago formed a department of Sociology in 1892 its focus related to issues in Criminology and Sociology, with interests in and towards Social Psychology along with Urban Sociology. The main focus of the Chicago school was that human behaviour was both formed and shaped by the environment. T he social and the physical environment, that an individual resides inRead MoreEssay about Criminological Theories1544 Words   |  7 Pagespunishment type of view to more humane ways of punishing people. Positivist criminology is maintaining the control of human behavior and criminal behavior. 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As most of the information can be sought form the available literature. So the researcher has chosen doctrinal method as method of research for the presentRead MoreJuvenile Deliquency in Ibadan, Nigeria15127 Words   |  61 Pagesassociated with development. These includes; poverty, rapid population growth, unemployment, urbanization, industrialization, inadequate shelter and housing, youth unemployment, and under employment, breakdown of the family unit, inadequate provision of social services and inability of the educational system to respond to new challenges. From the word â€Å"juvenile delinquency†, â€Å"juvenile† means young people while delinquency means young offenders that are guilty of minor crime or misdeed. Juvenile delinquencyRead MoreChildren in Conflict to the Law12401 Words   |  50 Pageschildren who are in conflict with the law. Under R.A. 9344 a child who is 15 years of age at the time of the commission of offense are exempted from criminal liability, however the child shall be subjected to an intervention program provided by local social welfare development office who will determine appropriate programs and consultation with the client and to person having custody of the child. There are three types of delinquency: the first type is environment delinquent, they are usually Social Disorganization And Inequality Methodology Social Disorganization and Inequality Methodology Unit 8 Assignment 1 Ann-Marie Cameron Capella University Dr. Conis December 2, 2015 Hypotheses or Research Question The research question or hypotheses is to test the previous sample against our research sampling of social disorganized local surrounding (communities/neighborhoods) in the state of Georgia and thereby inspect whether there is adequate variation that exists amongst those communities/neighborhoods that will supply useful data for this analyses. The following questions are addressed: Questions for this research: 1) What is the relationship between African American, Caucasian and the Latino communities’/ neighborhood social structure, crime rate and delinquent opportunity structures? 2) What is the combined effect of communities’/neighborhood â€Å"social structure, social processes, and delinquent opportunity structures on rates of juvenile delinquency† (Kingston, Huizinga, Elliott, 2009, p. 61)? How conclusive will the research results be? The research data should be very conclusive as long as the individuals that will be in the study are able to comply with the research questions. This research will allow them the opportunity to be counted and heard in regards to their neighborhoods social disorganization as well as the social structures and crime rate factors that might be causing these issues in their area. This research has also considered that it could lack decisive data if our subject surveyShow MoreRelatedSocial Disorganization And Inequality Methodology1225 Words   |  5 Pages Social Disorganization And Inequality Methodology Unit 8 Assignment 1 Ann-Marie Cameron Capella University Dr. Conis December 2, 2015 Hypotheses or Research Question The research question or hypotheses is to test the previous sample against our research sampling of social disorganized local surrounding (communities/neighborhoods) in the state of Georgia and thereby inspect whether there is adequate variation that exists amongst those communities/neighborhoods that will supply usefulRead MoreHigh School Dropout Levels951 Words   |  4 Pagesprevent and handle this issue. So, where will the research focus be for these states? It will start by examining the schools within these neighborhoods first, because the education system can give public safety leaders an idea of how this can impact inequality (e.g. high school dropout levels, kids having kids, lack of parental guidance, etc.). Then we need to examine the communities to see what type of living environment is within those communities, like â€Å"Broken Windows (theory)†, meaning are there dilapidatedRead MoreDisorganization Theory Of Criminology And Criminology Essay1789 Words   |  8 PagesDisorganization theory of criminology Name Institution Disorganization theory of criminology Borski, J., and Harold. (1995). Social disorganization theory: influence of society and environment to crime: New York: Lexington. The two researchers use data from the Lexington library to determine how the environment people live in can influence their behaviors. It means that the social organization theory focuses on the effect of society towards crime. When a society or the people in it do not holdRead MoreThe Development of the Chicago Schools1684 Words   |  7 Pagesintroducing the Chicago School theory, also known as the, Theory of Social Disorganisation and the Ecological School Theory. The University of Chicago formed a department of Sociology in 1892 its focus related to issues in Criminology and Sociology, with interests in and towards Social Psychology along with Urban Sociology. The main focus of the Chicago school was that human behaviour was both formed and shaped by the environment. T he social and the physical environment, that an individual resides inRead MoreEssay about Criminological Theories1544 Words   |  7 Pagespunishment type of view to more humane ways of punishing people. Positivist criminology is maintaining the control of human behavior and criminal behavior. 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As most of the information can be sought form the available literature. So the researcher has chosen doctrinal method as method of research for the presentRead MoreJuvenile Deliquency in Ibadan, Nigeria15127 Words   |  61 Pagesassociated with development. These includes; poverty, rapid population growth, unemployment, urbanization, industrialization, inadequate shelter and housing, youth unemployment, and under employment, breakdown of the family unit, inadequate provision of social services and inability of the educational system to respond to new challenges. From the word â€Å"juvenile delinquency†, â€Å"juvenile† means young people while delinquency means young offenders that are guilty of minor crime or misdeed. Juvenile delinquencyRead MoreChildren in Conflict to the Law12401 Words   |  50 Pageschildren who are in conflict with the law. Under R.A. 9344 a child who is 15 years of age at the time of the commission of offense are exempted from criminal liability, however the child shall be subjected to an intervention program provided by local social welfare development office who will determine appropriate programs and consultation with the client and to person having custody of the child. There are three types of delinquency: the first type is environment delinquent, they are usually

Attachment Theory Is Defined As The Emotional And...

Attachment Theory is defined as the emotional and psychological bond between a child and their caregiver, which starts from birth and is believed to last a lifetime. (Arxcis, 2017). The first published works of attachment theory were done by John Bowlby, a child psychiatrist, in 1969, with Mary Ainsworth, a Canadian psychologist, later collaborating with Bowlby to include different attachment types. Bowlby’s theory, which was influenced from Konrad Lorenz’s idea of familial imprinting, stated that attachment bonds would begin to form up until nine months of age in an infant. From nine months, up until two to three years of age, attachment types would be observable (Arxcis, 2017). In the 1950’s, Ainsworth set out on an in-depth study to†¦show more content†¦Whether they are sick, tired, hungry, or upset, caregivers of children with secure attachment most times consistently engage the child when cued, and provide predictable, supportive emotional and physi cal reactions that the child has learned to rely on. Conversely, in avoidant attachment caregivers have demonstrated that they cannot be relied on to provide emotional support in response to the child’s needs. The caregivers have either reacted to the child’s distress in a cold manner or ignored them completely. Children who are insecurely ambivalent attached often have caregivers that are inconsistent in their response to the child’s distress. The child exhibits escalating behavior such as cries turning into shrieks and screaming. They appear to want contact with the caregiver through cues, but will resist contact when attempted by the caregiver. Disorganized attachment is a result of a caregiver who is inappropriate in their response to their child, responding sexually, physically or verbally abusive. The children may present with odd behavior and act out. (Arxcis, 2017). 10-year-old Raymond Giovanni is the youngest of three children. He lives in a two-parent household with his mother, a stay-at-home parent, and his father, a detective. Ray presents as having a disorganized attachment type with both of his parents. Raymond’s mother often excludes him from activities that his siblings partake in. He knows not to interrupt herShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Bartholomew Quot ; An Adult Attachment Model1378 Words   |  6 Pages Bartholomew Horowitz (1991) developed an adult attachment model conceptualized through the understanding that a person’s image of the self and the other is dichotomized as positive or negative. 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Understanding Contemporary Moral Issues from a Catholic Free Essays

Understanding Contemporary Moral Issues from a Catholic Perspective Withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatment’. â€Å"And the dust goes back to the earth as it was, and the spirit goes back to God who gave It†. (Ecclesiastic 12:7). We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Contemporary Moral Issues from a Catholic or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order for me to comprehend and discuss the moral Issue of withdrawal of life- sustaining medical treatment from a Catholic perspective, I needed to have an understanding of what Bioethics refers to. It is a shared reflective analysis and discussion of ethical issues in health care, health science, and health policies. It engages dialogue and thought from our society comprising of doctors, patients, scientists, politicians and the general public (What Is Bioethics? 2014). Using Bioethics as a framework to discuss withdrawal of life, It helps us to realism the position the catholic church has adopted In Its views and beliefs.. The catholic church wishes to trigger a deeper thinking regarding moral issues and offers practical help in moral decision making by encouraging us to think about the role of the Church in society from two distinct roles; that of Doctrinal and of Pastoral (Rev Dry. Joe Parkinson, personal communication, July 18, 2014). One of my duties as a teacher facilitating in a Catholic Education School Is not only to Identify what the Catholic Church doctrine upholds, but also to counsel and support those In need. The Catholic doctrinal view Is that there needs to be a prohibition on euthanasia, because society may create a sub-class if we approve assisted death and what the Church offers is a development when bringing about a change of society’s mindset in which you offer palliative care and managed pain relief instead of looking at euthanasia as the only option (Dry. Joe Parkinson). The Church acknowledges that this Is a challenge In an aging society, but e need to promote an environment that upholds the dignity of the sick, vulnerable and the aged. From a pastoral approach, the Catholic perspective Is that decision making regarding values and morals is based on a process of identifying the options and choosing what is most important to us. The Catholic Church advocates discussion and examination of what is driving the decisions and what are the other values and factors at play. Saying this, the Catholic Church also realizes that the choices are often not perfect and one very Important point Is to emphasis that the Church will never abandon someone based on differences of viewpoint and acknowledges that individuals may have come to a decision, knowing that is the best that they can do, having balanced the ethical and moral decisions in their conscience. The Catholic Church appreciates that as human beings we are not remote controlled Catholics. However, the Church also recognizes it has to take a position regarding morality, a standpoint that asks us to recognize that we are responsible for our decisions and that they Impact the bigger picture In regards to Catholic Church teaches us to value life, promote and to protect life (Pontifical Council for Health Care Workers, 1995). The Church also promotes prayer and counsel to sits individuals in the decision making process and urges individuals to examine whether they feel the outcomes are acceptable before God. Saying this, the Church also understands that we need to be true to ourselves. Whilst our ethics, our reasoned choices, may often be intuitive, they allow us to make choices that make us accountable as individuals. These ethical choices expresses our values and our actions as well as our intentions, it essentially defines our values. In the issue of withdrawing life-support, it is quite possible to go about getting the right thing, but going about it in the wrong way. Morals and ethics challenge the thought that if it does not break the law; than it is acceptable. However, some lawful acts are not morally right. From a Catholic teaching perspective the primary objective and value is â€Å"To preserve the dignity of the person† and this remains its fundamental value. Unfortunately, it is often forgotten. The Catholic Church advocates that life is a gift and acknowledges that we are part of all creation and therefore, we are the stewards of the world, not the domination. The symbolism of the crucifix is a reminder to Christians that we understand and trust in Jesus, that there is eternal life and that e need to live through our mortal life. This viewpoint is that life is a gift and on that basis alone we have a responsibility to protect the weak, vulnerable, the young and the old. This is one of fundamentals of Christianity. Yet as human beings we experience illness, suffering and death and sometimes euthanasia may seem like the best choice. However, when we treat other human beings as expendable; we diminish our own humanity (Dry Joe Parkinson). The Catholic Church suggests that when we make moral decisions, we make these using a formula; a format for our moral decision-making, one in which we examine what the facts are and what is ally going on. A set up that asks the individual whether their core values are being respected, upheld and what the guiding ethical principles involved are. The rhetorical triangle (Image 1) is helpful to visualize how it is used by the Catholic Church for teaching and passing on the values of the Church. (Image 1 . The Rhetorical Triangle, reproduced from Google images). This type of plan will question who should be involved in the decision making and whether the decisions will and should be reviewed? This framework would also take into account what legal definitions need to be considered in terms of unwanted reattempt versus the decision of suicide, it will identify what the core values involving the patient are, who are the other relevant people involved and also the duty of care that affects the hospital staff, whilst still protecting the individual’s autonomy (Euthanasia law is no cure-all for Dutch doctors, 2009). What is interesting to note, is that the Catholic perspective is that life should not be preserved at all costs if it does not take into account the dignity of the individual and their decision on whether they wish to take part with treatment and whether they have been given the opportunity o think and discuss if the means of treatment is morally disproportionate, does not offer any reasonable therapeutic benefit, is overly burdensome or, in some given us intelligence to think things through, yet the Church will never advocate the taking of a human life (Dry Joe Parkinson). On the other hand, the law takes the view that duty of care is higher than the individual’s autonomy. These laws impact on careers and hospital staff alike, as in the case of Christian Roister, a 49 year old man who was left quadriplegic after being hit by a car. A Western Australian landmark court decision ruled in favor of Mr.. Roister, stating that a patient had the right to refuse treatment and to choose not to receive nutrition and hydration and any person or care group providing palliative care would not be criminally responsible (Physician-assisted suicide the same as euthanasia? 014). To safeguard the autonomy of the person, the Catholic Church endorses the use of Advanced Care Plans and appointment of an Enduring Guardian to ensure that the patient is treated and cared for respectfully and with dignity. In Christina Tone’s report entitled ‘Assisted Suicide. How the chattering classes have got it wrong, 2010 ‘she writes about Debbie Purdue, who suffe red from Multiple Sclerosis. Debby Purdue won the right to have the prosecution guidelines affecting those who assist suicide clarified and in 2010, the United Kingdom published guidelines that in no way pave the way for assisted suicide; but call for each case to be Judged on its own merits. These guidelines are imperative in protecting those working with the sick, disabled, aged or terminally ill and for those worried that if assisted suicide were to be introduced on compassionate grounds, it would lead to death on request or euthanasia without consent. Finally, as a teacher in a Catholic Education system. How to cite Understanding Contemporary Moral Issues from a Catholic, Papers

Creating a Safe Place that Accommodates Cultural Diversity

Question: Discuss about theCreating a Safe Place that Accommodates Cultural Diversity. Answer: Introduction Culture is human behaviour including customs, beliefs, and preferences. These factors vary among people depending on their origin. This report appreciates cultural differences seeks to explore on how to create safe spaces. Background Distinction in cultures raises a problem of interaction. To resolve this issue, safe spaces need to be created. Safe spaces ensure that people can communicate freely without being judged. They provide a feeling of social safety where ones culture is nurtured and respected (Arnold, Lipman, Cowling, 1994). Scope This report focuses on how people can learn to accommodate different cultures by respecting and nurturing. It seeks to explain how to create safe places that facilitate interaction among people. It focuses on a video clip by Diversity Nursing on incompetent versus competent cultural care. The video clip is set in a hospital where nurses provide unsafe and safe space for patients. Aim This reports objective is to illustrate inhibition of social safety and recommend on how to create safe spaces. In the video clip studied, the nurses are judgmental and do not provide a safe space for explanation. Their fail to appreciate different customs and beliefs. They should be open-minded and allow patients to explain their situations before making conclusions. Summary of the Media Clip Incompetent versus competent cultural are is a video clip created by Diversity Nursing on November 8th, 2011. It was created in a hospital setting to show how nurse how to accommodate patients of different ethnicities and preferences. Nurse Rida has an Asian patient who believes that coining and cupping can help reduce body pains. Rida wants to examine her patient and finds out she has circular marks on her skin that might be affected. Rida does not allow her patient to explain the situation and immediately concludes that her patient is in an abusive home (Brislin, Worthley and McNab 2006). She decides to report the matter and informs her patient that it would be best to leave her home. The following scene shows how Rita should handle the situation. Rita understands techniques used to relieve pain by different cultures, allows her patient to explain, examines the marks and sensitively explains that they are infected. Summary of Literature To understand how to create a safe space that accommodates the variety of cultures available, one has to know the following keywords. Safe space- is explained as an environment that allows free expression without worry of being discriminated or feeling uncomfortable. A safe space accommodates differences in beliefs, customs, values, identity, thoughts, background or religion. It respects cultural safety by nurturing and respecting a persons culture. Cultural safety- is the practice by a person at work and social places that aim to appreciate cultural diversity. This is by respecting anothers culture and helping nurture it without harassment and discrimination. Cultural self-awareness- this is the ability of a person to identify different cultures, be able to keep an open mind about various practices and appreciate them. It helps build a foundation in communicating without offending peoples beliefs and perceptions (Byram, 2012). Cultural capability- this refers to the ability to acquire knowledge, skills and mannerisms required to plan, offer support and provide services in a way that respects culture. It determines how one can work in various cultures and be able to accommodate different perceptions (Crowne, 2013). Cultural intelligence- this is the ability of a person to work and relate effectively with individuals in various cultures. To attain cultural information, one has to possess a variety of capabilities. According to Crowne (2013), they include; motivation to enjoy and gain from cultural diversity, knowledge about all similar and different aspects of various culture, appreciation of these differences and planning for diversity encounters, and ability to adapt behaviour that bests suits each culture. To create an environment that promotes free expression and eliminates discrimination, one has to achieve cultural intelligence. The steps to accomplishing such capacity start from being aware of the existence of various beliefs, customs, values, and perceptions (Bruhn, 2005) . Such awareness can be acquired by familiarising oneself with the different cultures that exist in different regions all over the world. In so doing, a person knows about similarities in cultures and also identifies what makes them distinct (Crowne, 2013). The second step will then involve being able to stand on one's customs and beliefs and understanding different perspectives in their original point of view. Instead of judging certain practices, a person should try to appreciate why people conduct these practices. One has to be open-minded to do so (Crowne, 2013). Once a person acquires knowledge of different practices and understands why they are conducted, the next step is trying to incorporate these beliefs into ones way of life. This does not necessitate one to abandon their culture but rather, learn various behaviours that are appreciated (Peterson, 2004). In so doing one acquire skills that enable them to deal with different encounters and promote cultural safety. Observation of the Video According to the video by Diversity Nursing, Rida is a nurse that lacks awareness of different practices used in relieving pain. She mistakes the practice of coining, cupping and acupuncture by Asians as a case of abuse. Also, when her patient tries to explain, Rida doesnt give her time and rushes out the door insisting that she was going to report the incident. Rida's behaviour depicts the lack of cultural awareness as she is not conversant with the Asian practice of pain relief. Moreover, she lacks the intelligence necessary to handle the situation and draws conclusions without ask for an explanation. This is an unsafe space for the patient. The environment excludes the patient, and Rida's behaviour involves shouting and rushing out the door ("Incompetent vs. Competent Cultural Care", 2016). However, in the subsequent scene, Rida is aware of her patients practices. She understands how the pain relief method works. Rida is calm and allows her patient to explain the circumstances that led to the need for such an approach. Rida handles the situation intelligently and explains to her patient that though the pain relief process was necessary at the time, it lead to the patient being infected. In the second scene, Rida is keen to provide a safe environment that allows her patient to explain her condition. Rida does her best in ensuring the environment is inclusive. She does so by showing her understanding of the acupuncture method of pain relief ("Incompetent vs. Competent Cultural Care", 2016). TABLE 1: cultural safety issues observed in the video clip. Time frame in seconds Physical factors Communication factors Signs of inclusion and exclusion Display or lack of cultural intelligence. 0:17s- 0:55s A hospital ward with the patient on her bed and the nurse standing by her bedside. The nurse is loud when she speaks and does not read the patients body language Exclusive; the nurse lacks awareness of the pain relief method. The nurse requires cultural intelligence. Rida doesnt listen to the explanation and rushes to make conclusions 1:52s-2:42s A hospital ward with the patient on her bed and the nurse standing by the bedside examining her patient. The nurse speaks calmly, takes her time to read her patients body language. Inclusive; the nurse is aware of the acupuncture pain relief method. Displays cultural intelligence. The nurse explains to the patient about her infection without offending her customs. Discussion At the beginning of the video clip, Nurse Rida depicts the lack of any knowledge of the various practices that help in pain relief. This lack of awareness is evident as soon as she notices the circular marks on her patients back, she concludes that the patient is a victim of violence. Besides, Rida lacks cultural intelligence because instead of allowing her patient to explain how she got the marks, Rida is quick to show how uncomfortable she is with the situation. She rushes out the door and insists on making a report of domestic violence. Later on the video clip, a different scenario is shown. Here, Rida is aware of the acupuncture pain relief method. She notices the marks and acknowledges it. She shows understanding and makes her patient comfortable who explains how she got the marks. Rather than rushing out the door, Rida examines her patient's scores and realises they are infected (Quappe and Cantatore, 2005) . She is culturally intelligent as she carefully to her patient about the infected wounds in a culture respecting manner. Recommendations According to the studied video clip, Rida needs to acquire information on practices with a medical orientation. That way she will be aware of the marks they leave behind and will not be caught off guard again (Tierney, 2007). Besides, Rida should learn to appreciate various practices as it will help her understand the medical perspective of her patients. She should also embrace these customs and will, therefore, be able to act accordingly towards her patient. Besides acquiring knowledge, she should aim at achieving cultural intelligence. She will gain better communication skills on how to pass information without offending ones beliefs. She will appreciate diversity and learn to incorporate some of these differences in her way of life (Tierney, 2007). This way she can create a safer space environment for her patients to explain themselves without feeling uncomfortable. Conclusion This report focuses on social safety and how to create a safe space that accommodates cultural diversity and appreciates different personal identities. It explains the various concepts that should be understood to understand the necessity of creating safe spaces. It reviews a video clip by Diversity Nursing that shows safe and unsafe areas. The video clip demonstrates this two scenarios by showing one with a dangerous environment and another the recommends the changes that should be made. The report describes steps to be taken so as to ensure a safe space and towards accomplishing social intelligence. References Arieli, D., Friedman, V., Hirschfeld, M. (2012). Challenges on the path to cultural safety inNursing education. International Nursing Review, 59(2), 187-193. Arnold, M., Lipman, S., Cowling, M. (1994). Culture and anarchy. New Haven: YaleUniversity Press. Brislin, Worthley and McNab (2006) cultural intelligence Bruhn (2005) culture brain interactions Byram, M. (2012). Language awareness and (critical) cultural awareness relationships,comparisons and contrasts. Language Awareness, 21(1-2), 5-13. Crowne, K. (2013). Cultural exposure, emotional intelligence, and cultural intelligence: Anexploratory study. International Journal Of Cross-Cultural Management, 13(1), 5-22.Cultural diversity awareness. Flanja (2009) culture shock intercultural communication Glapka, E. (2015). On a stepping-stone to cultural intelligence: Textual/discursive analyses of media reception in cultural studies. International Journal Of Cultural Studies. Gollings, J. (2011). Cultural awareness. BDJ, 210(11), 501-502 Hall, L. Wilkes, M. (2015). Its a safe environment for us Indigenous students Creating aculturally safe learning space for Indigenous Pre-Tertiary students. Learning Communities: International Journal Of learning in social contexts, 17 (indigenous pathways), 121-122. Holley and Steiner (2005) creating safe spaces Incompetent vs. Competent Cultural Care. (2016). YouTube. Retrieved 15 October 2016 Peterson, B. (2004). Cultural intelligence. Yarmouth, Me.: Intercultural Press. Quappe and Cantatore (2005) cultural awareness Spector, R. (2004). Cultural diversity in health illness. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: PearsonPrentice Hall. Tierney, S. (2007). Accommodating cultural diversity. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Journal of Ethnic Cultural Diversity in Social Work Call for Papers. (2015). Journal Of Ethnic And Cultural Diversity In Social Work, 24(2), 184-185.