The Avant-garde Architecture O :: essays research papers

The Chinese-American modeler Ieoh Ming Pei (I.M) is known as probably the best planner of the Twentieth Century. His long, splendid vocation was featured by a few universally acclaimed structures. While a significant number of Pei’s structures were commonly acknowledged by the general population, some of them encouraged decent measures of discussion. The most eminent of these dubious structures is his Glass Pyramid at the passage of the Louver in Paris. Therefore, I.M. Pei is by all accounts a planner who shows enthusiasm for the vanguard through both the imaginative structure and aestheticism of his design. Pei was conceived in China in 1917 and moved to the United States in 1935. He initially went to the University of Pennsylvania yet developed unconfident in his drawing abilities so he dropped out and sought after building at MIT. After Pei chose to come back to design, he earned degrees from both MIT and Harvard. In 1956, after he had educated at Harvard for a long time, he set up I.M. Pei and Partners, a structural firm that has been known as Pei Cobb Freed and Partners since 1989. This firm is renowned for its effective and reasonable answers for an assortment of plan issues. They are answerable for huge numbers of the biggest pubic and private development extends in the second 50% of this century. A portion of these undertakings incorporate the East Building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C., the John F. Kennedy Memorial Library in Boston, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland. At the point when French President Francois Mitterand â€Å"personally chose Mr. Pei in 1983 to plan the Grand Louver to give air, space, and light to one of the world’s most clogged museums,† (Markham, 1989) there were numerous pundits. The press â€Å"lambasted breaking the amicability of the Louvre’s yard with a glass iceberg† (Markham, 1989). In any case, Pei continued as arranged, facing a significant challenge in making a glass pyramid structure at the passageway. He didn't concentrate on what the pundits would state about his arrangements, however trusted that the world would see, upon fulfillment, that his vision of a contemporary, utilitarian passage would not conflict with the Baroque style of the Louver itself. At the point when the pyramid was finished in 1989, Pei’s articulation of cutting edge craftsmanship was not so much acknowledged. Numerous pundits applauded the desire with which the draftsman structured it, however derided numerous parts of its usefulness: â€Å"The down to earth issue is that the Pyramid, when you get inside, is uproarious, hot, and disorienting† (Campbell, 1989).

Relationship Between Tectonic Architecture And Materials Cultural Studies Essay

Connection Between Tectonic Architecture And Materials Cultural Studies Essay The accompanying proposition looks to recognize and inspect the connection between structural design and materials. In spite of the fact that materials are surrounding us; we regularly don't set aside the effort to look at them; to genuinely think about their incorporation, thus there very nearness is frequently underestimated. So as to accentuate the significance of materials in engineering; this examination question concentrated on talking about How do materials assume a key structure job in structural design? The proposal utilized two principle procedures. The primary was a writing survey, which incorporates a far reaching audit of the writing that was instrumental in tending to the fundamental points, materials and structural engineering. The second was a model put together investigation which centered with respect to a specific structure. It looks at how an adjustment in materials could influence the structure of a structure; and in this way underscores the key job materials play in structural design. The discoveries of the examination featured the way that materials do in fact assume a key job in the plan of structural structures; and at times they can be the fundamental driver for the underlying structure. Anyway it was additionally settled that there are numerous other contributory elements which likewise influence the general structure. Factors, for example, the structure, the creating of development, advancement, the utilization of front line innovation, the joint effort of the plan group as they work in cooperative energy with the engineer, lastly the approachs of learning by doing or encouraging training through the educating of others. Definitions/Glossary Structural Architecture A non-solid structure, collected utilizing various materials, procedures and assets in the demonstration of development making and revealingâ [1]â . Stereotomic Architecture A self-supporting solid structure created from enunciated strong components. Atectonic A mix of structural and sterotomic building methods. The making of development This isn't only a joint or a development detail; it is the creating together of materials and surface through bespoke methods. Green plan Philosophy that regards ecological properties as structure destinations and not as requirements. Innovative Refers to innovation that is at the front line or the most cutting edge innovation right now accessible. Genuineness The thought that a structure will show its actual reason and not be embellishing Materials The issue from which a thing is or can be madeâ [2]â Constructivist encouraging philosophies Constructivist instructing depends on the conviction that learning happens as students are effectively associated with a procedure of importance and information development as opposed to latently accepting informationâ [3]â . All works of engineering include an imaginative exchange among thoughts and materials to which the two producers and pundits have over and over been happy to allocate moral valueâ [4]â List of chapters 1.0 Introduction Materials are not stylish; they are a need for the acknowledgment of creativityâ [5]â Checking out the fabricated condition, one can see materials are all over the place; yet they are not frequently addressed; when were they created? How are they picked? How are they utilized? For what reason would they say they were assembled with a certain goal in mind? Were the right materials chosen? Notwithstanding these inquiries modelers should likewise address issues around reason and configuration; would materials be able to be the main thrust behind their structures or are they inconsequential, only an aesthetical element of the structure. Endeavoring to dive into and address a portion of these inquiries has prompted the exploration of this theory; to be specific How do materials assume a key structure job in structural engineering? This postulation plans to comprehend structural engineering and the job of materials in the plan of a structure. One has an essential comprehension of what these words mean from the glossary anyway there is a need to investigate where they have originated from and how they have and will influence design. In investigating this thought there is a need to recognize, where structural engineering and materials started, how they have developed after some time, and going ahead what bearing would they say they are going in? The proposition will talk about some of these issues so as to address the exploration question. The paper will inspect the accompanying fundamental parts; Joint/The making of development, the structural advancement of enormous range, twentieth century present day structural designers, 21st century structural natural engineering and a model based examination. Research strategies This postulation is mutually done through two research techniques. The principal comprises of the writing survey, and was under taken to increase a top to bottom comprehension of structural engineering and the multifaceted nature of materials. The second includes a model based research which was led through the investigation of drawings so as to comprehend the impact of a material change on a structural structure. The initial five parts will examine the key job materials play on structural engineering. It will take a gander at both the hypothesis and the reasonable side of this subject; with explanatory drawings to additionally build up this guideline. This investigation will be completed by means of auxiliary research, containing books, diaries, paper articles, electrical diaries, distributed meetings and sites. Research will be completed on the two subjects, beginning with the structure and working of the simple cabin to the advancement of the contemporary structural engineering. Parts six will be an inside and out investigation in to a model based research, where the inquiry will be posed if materials do assume a key job in structural engineering and if there was varieties in materials would the structure plan and space changed. The investigation will intend to show how significant materials are to the structure plan with 3 dimensional drawings. 2.0 Joint/The creating of development Frequently it is the expressiveness of the jointing which acculturates structures and gives them their inviting feel.â [6]â In Greek, the term structural originates from the work tekton, which recommends woodworker or manufacturer. In the fifth century, the significance developed into the job of the tekton. This prompted the rise of the ace manufacturer or architekton. Kenneth Frampton saw that Adolf Heinrich Borbein asserted this significance would in the end change to a tasteful instead of a mechanical class. Frampton noted in his book Studies in Tectonic Culture that Karl Otfied Muller, in his third version of Handbuch der Archaologie der Kunst, that tektones was particular, concerning individuals in development or bureau creators which utilized an explicitly utilitarian or dry joint, however this did exclude dirt and metal working in the significance. This gave the meaning of structural as the joint or the joining through the development procedure. In 1851 Gottfried Semper, distributed his book, The Four Elements of Architecture (Die vier Elemente der Baukunst). He put together a portion of his components with respect to a Caribbean hovel (see figure 1) that he saw at the incredible presentation of 1851 and he isolated the residence into four components, 1 the earthwork, 2 the hearth, 3 the structure (counting the rooftop) and 4 the lightweight skin or membraneâ [7]â . On the base of these four components, Semper classed the structure makes into two essential various methods: the tectonics of the lightweight casing work and the stereotomic of the base. Semper outlined the utilization of the stereotomic base where mud-block and stone were set on the ground, on to which the lightweight confined structure sat. Frampton considered the stereotomic base to be load bearing workmanship, climate stone and mud block. He noticed the significance of the lightweight confined structure, where he considered the to be of the bunch as a central component in empowering the integrating of the lightweight segments. The bunch prompted the making sure about of the casing and was seen by Semper as a complex jointing of development. Around the globe, this method can be obviously observed, where rope is utilized to tie lightweight structures together; featuring how locally accessible materials were used to fabricate cottages. African inborn societies utilized a wide scope of vertical screen dividers where the rope tie was the key development component. The Gogo house in Tanzania was worked from tree limbs where a rope tie was utilized to hold the structure together while mud was worked around the structure. In contrast with this, the Kuba cottage found in the southeast of the Congo was raised utilizing woven mats, again with all joints being hitched along with rope. Semper featured the improvement of bunches into a weaving procedure, which in this way prompted the production of structures texture. Structures, for example, the Bedouin ancestral cabins were amassed utilizing privately sourced materials in a weaving way so as to fabricate solid cottages; as contradict to those which were worked with hitches. Woven dividers were a type of wattle constructionâ [8]â , which was portrayed by Allen Noble as vertical stakes, each fitted into a gap or opening in one even and wipe into a section or another gap in the other individual from the system. Materials, for example, osiers, reeds or flimsy portions of oak were most commonâ [9]â . This style of wattle development is still being used today in the structure of wall; anyway it led to the headway in wattle and smear development, which can be seen in numerous vernacular structures far and wide today. Cherie Wendelken in his article on The Tectonics of Japanese Style: Architect and Carpenter in the Late Meiji Period noticed that Japanese engineering had incredible symbolical structures which were essentially structural, whereby privately sourced material, for example, grasses and bamboo columns were being hitched together. The fifteenth century Japanese house was developed with a woven faã §ade. These houses were worked in a post and shaft encircled way with woven infilling dividers which took into consideration flexibl

How to Maximize the Value of GRC (Governance, Risk and Compliance)

How to Maximize the Value of GRC (Governance, Risk and Compliance) Having goals and objectives is one thing; working towards achieving them is another. It is easy to set forth what you want your business to achieve, to accomplish, or to become in the near or distant future. The hard part is making it happen.To do that, GRC is required. © Shutterstock.com | garagestockIn this article, I explore 1) governance, risk management and compliance,  2) the value of GRC, and  3) how to maximize the value of GRC.GOVERNANCE, RISK MANAGEMENT AND COMPLIANCEIn business management, a relatively new term has cropped up: GRC. GRC stands for Governance, Risk (Management), and Compliance â€" the three concepts that serve as the guideposts assuring the realization of the company or organization’s objectives. Over the years, GRC has evolved into a discipline or approach employed by corporations in their actions within the organization in accordance with the guidelines that have been previously set for each category.Normally, you will find GRC solutions being more popular in the IT industry, which is characterized mainly by ambiguous and often confusing lines of communication as well as knowledge-sharing capabilities. Information traffic is heavy in this industry, and IT companies find GRC to offer the most beneficial and effective so lutions. © Wikimedia Commons | TdeathTo understand GRC better, let us take a look at its three dimensions.GovernanceGovernance is defined as the “combination of processes established and executed by the board of directors that are reflected in the organization’s structure, and how these processes are managed towards achieving the organizational goals”.Being the oversight role, governance refers to the overall management approach undertaken by top management. All the activities performed under this category are designed to ensure that critical and relevant management information are able to reach the management team on a timely basis, and that the information are accurate, sufficient and complete. In turn, this will facilitate the decision-making process. Activities are also carried out in order to come up with control mechanisms that will see to it that the decisions made by top management are carried out.The processes included in this category are:Documentation of process and risksIde ntification and documentation of controls in placeAssessment of the effectiveness of the controlsDisclosure and certification of compliance processesRemediation of issuesRisk ManagementAs the phrase implies, this refers to predicting or anticipating risks that can potentially hinder the organization from achieving its objectives, and managing them accordingly.Risks are constant when it comes to business. The task of businesses is to identify these risks promptly and deal with them. Thus, the management has to identify the risks that may adversely affect the realization of the business objectives of the company. Then they will have to analyze which risks are serious and need immediate attention. They will then have to find ways to respond to or handle these risks.But it does not end there. Risk management also encompasses monitoring the results of the risk mitigation actions that have been implemented.The risk management processes include:Identification and classification of risksAss essment of risksMitigation of risksReporting on the containment of the risksComplianceThis refers to conforming, not only with the organization’s policies and procedures but also to government laws and external regulations. It entails identifying those that have to be complied with and assessing the state of compliance of the company. A cost-benefit analysis is also called for when evaluating the possible impact of non-compliance with the rules.Compliance processes normally involve:Documentation of processes and risks of compliance and non-complianceIdentification, definition and documentation of compliance controls in placeAssessment of the effectiveness of the controlsDisclosure and certification of compliance processesRemediation of compliance issuesTHE VALUE OF GRCBusinesses often manage the governance, risk management, and compliance separately. The integrated GRC approach combines all three to streamline their governance, risk management, and compliance initiatives. This is more effective and efficient, since it reduces or even eliminates duplication and redundancy of work. It saves time, effort and money â€" resources that all businesses will do well to use wisely.A possible scenario that may arise from independently handling the three is having multiple systems that will essentially address the same issues. After all, there are issues that cross-cuts across two, or all three, categories. With the GRC approach, it is possible to come up with a single system that will address all the issues. This will certainly avoid confusion among members of the organization, since they have a single point of reference, instead of having to turn this way and that.Thus, it is important that organizations be able to manage and track its GRC processes and activities in a streamlined and coordinated manner in order to ensure corporate integrity, sustainability, and profitability.HOW TO MAXIMIZE THE VALUE OF GRCGRC will do wonders for your business. But only if it is done right. It is not enough that you have GRC programs in place. You have to make sure you maximize the value that you will derive from GRC. Let us take a look at how we can get the most out of our GRC programs.Step 1: Design GRC programs to be flexibleKeep in mind that GRC is not a one-time thing. It must continually reassess how the company can effectively and efficiently meet its strategic objectives.Step 2: Simplify your GRC processesIf you are to establish a risk and control governance model as one of your GRC processes, make sure that the model is comprehensive and encompasses the entire organization or enterprise, not just key divisions or operating centers. This will ensure the balance of the corporate risk strategy that will be employed by the business, and will also clearly define and delineate the responsibilities of key personnel and employees.Within an organization, there are a lot of functions, most of which are markedly different from each other. It is now up to the orga nization to align those functions â€" even the highly differentiated ones â€" in order to make their GRC programs succeed.Establishment of an enterprise-wide risk and control governance modelWhy is it important to have a risk governance model? That is because:It ensures a balanced corporate risk strategy;It defines the responsibilities for risk oversight and ownership;It enhances risk monitoring and sets the risk culture tone throughout the organization.Take note that the model must be enterprise-wide, and not just limited to specific divisions or departments.Using risk building blocks that are focused on risk strategy, identification, assessment, and governanceA risk and control governance model will not be effective if it does not have the basic risk building blocks, which include the following:A comprehensive and formal risk strategy that addresses risk appetite and vision: Decision making will be enabled if you have a comprehensive risk strategy in place, since the business now has an established response to the risks that it is exposed to. Being risk averse is good, but only to a certain extent. Too much aversion to risk puts the management in danger of playing it safe and generally avoiding risky ventures, even if the potential for returns is just as high, or even higher, than the risk.A formal risk identification process: The first step to managing risk is being able to identify them. Therefore, there is a need for the business to have a process in place that will identify these risks. Keep in mind that risks are constant, so risk management is also a continuous job. But it is not enough that the process be able to identify the risks. It should also be able to assess the impact of the risks to the organization and come up with a risk response when the risk event occurs. The process should also be able to facilitate communicating the stance or position of the organization to all stakeholders.Risk assessments: After identifying risks, it is important to c onduct assessments to see how the risks figure in the key strategies and overall business strategy of the company. The risks are also going to impact performance so this, too, should also be assessed. Results of risk assessment will give management a clearer picture of the organization’s strengths and weaknesses, as well as the threats and opportunities that it will likely be exposed to.Risk governance: Risk management is not a divisional undertaking; it is enterprise-wide. Therefore, the risk strategy that the company decides to take must be balanced across all levels and divisions of the organization. The most important factor for the success of risk governance is to ensure that a risk culture is firmly established within the organization, and not just the executive or top management level.Convergence of GRC functions and processes A poorly designed GRC program will likely encounter problems with processes and activities being repetitive, or with systems being duplicated within the same organization. This is definitely inefficient, since the company will end up spending two, three or more times the amount when it could only spend on one. Manpower, money and other resources will be spread thinly, or the company will end up using more of these resources.For example, the organization can conduct a GRC process in the internal audit, and another GRC process in legal compliance. The company will be spending twice since there are two processes. However, it turns out that the two processes are the same. Think of the savings if they simply conducted one process that will encompass both functions.Risk and compliance convergence entails the following:Aligning the company’s mandates and scope;Coordinating infrastructure and people, paying special attention to your people’s skill sets and the resources on hand; andPutting emphasis on consistent methods and practices employed by the business.When we speak of convergence of GRC functions and activities, we are essent ially talking about consolidation and standardization of these functions and activities across the organization. The benefits of doing so include:Reduction of costs: Cost savings arise from the reduction of spending on personnel, time and other resources. Reduced redundancy, duplication and repetition of processes will result in savings.Improved risk coverage and enhancement of integration: Since the resources are not spread too thinly, and there is balance in the distribution of functions, risk is better monitored. Monitoring will be on an organizational level instead of department and process level. Improvement of business processes will also be greatly assured since the organization will be able to keep its eyes on the risk exposures and act accordingly in the face of risk events.Maximization of value of risk management activities: Improvement of business processes will be greatly assured since the organization will be able to keep its eyes on the risk exposures and act according ly in the face of risk events.Step 3: Use an integrated risk management approachThe first step to an integrated risk management approach is the identification and understanding of the different risks that the business is subjected to. For this purpose, we will make use of the Robert Kaplan and Anette Mikes risk framework.1. Preventable risks are operational and financial risks that arise from within the company. It does not generate strategic benefits and actually cost money when an event occurs, which is why the organization takes steps to eliminate, avoid or mitigate them. If these do not work, find a way to transfer these risks in a most cost-effective manner, reducing the monetary loss to the company. Aside from costing money, these risks also have a negative impact on the company’s reputation within the industry it operates in.Examples:Inaccurate financial statementsNoncompliance with laws and regulations, resulting in fines and penaltiesPotential responses:Creation of a good mission statementDrawing up rules and setting up systems for standard operating procedures that will be followed by all members of the organizationEstablishing internal controls and internal audit mechanisms2. Strategic risks are risks that arise from management’s business gambles. Going into business is already a gamble in itself and, as all gambles go, it comes with a risk. There is a principle followed by aggressive entrepreneurs: “high risk, high return”. If you want to get more, you have to put more on the line. This does not mean, however, that businesses should take risks blindly. The risks should be strategic. If the organization would like to earn high returns, it must be prepared to take high risks. But the business will have to take steps in order to lessen or avoid the negative impact of the risks it has chosen to face head on. The goal of the management, then, is to strike a balance between risk mitigation and value creation.Examples:Acquiring smaller companies f or purposes of expansionExpansion into emerging or new marketsPotential responses:Brainstorming within the management team to discuss the risks involved and potential growth of business decisionsEstablishing risk tolerancesConducting predictive discussions, going over all possible scenariosMonitoring risk indicators by using key risk indicator scorecards3. External risks are risks that arise outside the organization. Being external in nature, the company has no control over them. Since this is the case, all the organization can do is to take steps that will reduce the negative effects of the risk events in case they take place, and to ensure that the company will be able to “bounce back” quickly.Examples:Force majeure and other natural and man-made disastersEconomic upheavalsPotential responses:Limiting exposure of the business to the risk eventsConducting scenario analysis and assessing the ability of the organization to tolerate and respond, should the risk event occurStep 4: Consider using GRC technologyMost GRC processes are heavy on data, information and detail, hence the need for automation. Technology has now become one of the tools that businesses turn to in order to ensure that processes and operations are executed effectively and efficiently.Through GRC technology, the business will have greater opportunities for optimization and standardization. Automation of processes and centralization of information in the organization are integral characteristics of using GRC technology.The most common GRC technology activities are:Standardization and automation of controls and processes;Maintenance of only one version of risk and control date;Real-time and dynamic risk and control intelligence and reporting;Management of holistic views of risk and compliance exposures;Analysis of risk-driven indicators.Again, when done right, GRC technology will help the company in achieving its objectives. Businesses are advised to consider taking the following steps in or der to bolster their GRC technology.Comprehensive GRC road map: A GRC road map, especially one that spans multiple years, is best presented in a road map that displays all the program elements, as well as the key milestones and integration points throughout the period.Executive sponsorships: The executive sponsorships must span both business and information technology in order for it to qualify as a GRC technology, and they should show that the technology is aligned with the GRC program as a whole.Business case: When preparing a business case, it must be comprehensive and clearly indicate a return on investment which is aided by the use of the GRC technology employed in your organization’s GRC program.GRC is not something that a business can learn overnight and implement without any hitches and glitches. Even the more established companies take a while to get the hang of it. However, once it is fully understood and properly implemented, there is no stopping the business from achie ving its goals. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons | Tdeath under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

Social Disorganization And Inequality Methodology

Social Disorganization And Inequality Methodology Unit 8 Assignment 1 Ann-Marie Cameron Capella University Dr. Conis December 2, 2015 Hypotheses or Research Question The research question or hypotheses is to test the previous sample against our research sampling of social disorganized local surrounding (communities/neighborhoods) in the state of Georgia and thereby inspect whether there is adequate variation that exists amongst those communities/neighborhoods that will supply useful data for this analysis. The following questions are addressed: Questions for this research: 1) What is the relationship between African American, Caucasian and the Latino communities’/ neighborhood social structure, crime rate and delinquent opportunity structures? 2) What is the combined effect of communities’/neighborhood â€Å"social structure, social processes, and delinquent opportunity structures on rates of juvenile delinquency† (Kingston, Huizinga, Elliott, 2009, p. 61)? How conclusive will the research results be? The research data should be very conclusive as long as the individuals that will be in the study are able to comply with the research questions. This research will allow them the opportunity to be counted and heard in regards to their neighborhood social disorganization as well as the social structures and crime rate factors that might be causing these issues in their area. This research has also considered that it could lack decisive data if the researchShow MoreRelatedSocial Disorganization And Inequality Methodology1226 Words   |  5 Pages Social Disorganization and Inequality Methodology Unit 8 Assignment 1 Ann-Marie Cameron Capella University Dr. Conis December 2, 2015 Hypotheses or Research Question The research question or hypotheses is to test the previous sample against our research sampling of social disorganized local surrounding (communities/neighborhoods) in the state of Georgia and thereby inspect whether there is adequate variation that exists amongst those communities/neighborhoods that will supply usefulRead MoreHigh School Dropout Levels951 Words   |  4 Pagesprevent and handle this issue. So, where will the research focus be for these states? It will start by examining the schools within these neighborhoods first, because the education system can give public safety leaders an idea of how this can impact inequality (e.g. high school dropout levels, kids having kids, lack of parental guidance, etc.). Then we need to examine the communities to see what type of living environment is within those communities, like â€Å"Broken Windows (theory)†, meaning are there dilapidatedRead MoreDisorganization Theory Of Criminology And Criminology Essay1789 Words   |  8 PagesDisorganization theory of criminology Name Institution Disorganization theory of criminology Borski, J., and Harold. (1995). Social disorganization theory: influence of society and environment to crime: New York: Lexington. The two researchers use data from the Lexington library to determine how the environment people live in can influence their behaviors. It means that the social organization theory focuses on the effect of society towards crime. When a society or the people in it do not holdRead MoreThe Development of the Chicago Schools1684 Words   |  7 Pagesintroducing the Chicago School theory, also known as the, Theory of Social Disorganisation and the Ecological School Theory. The University of Chicago formed a department of Sociology in 1892 its focus related to issues in Criminology and Sociology, with interests in and towards Social Psychology along with Urban Sociology. The main focus of the Chicago school was that human behaviour was both formed and shaped by the environment. T he social and the physical environment, that an individual resides inRead MoreEssay about Criminological Theories1544 Words   |  7 Pagespunishment type of view to more humane ways of punishing people. Positivist criminology is maintaining the control of human behavior and criminal behavior. 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As most of the information can be sought form the available literature. So the researcher has chosen doctrinal method as method of research for the presentRead MoreJuvenile Deliquency in Ibadan, Nigeria15127 Words   |  61 Pagesassociated with development. These includes; poverty, rapid population growth, unemployment, urbanization, industrialization, inadequate shelter and housing, youth unemployment, and under employment, breakdown of the family unit, inadequate provision of social services and inability of the educational system to respond to new challenges. From the word â€Å"juvenile delinquency†, â€Å"juvenile† means young people while delinquency means young offenders that are guilty of minor crime or misdeed. Juvenile delinquencyRead MoreChildren in Conflict to the Law12401 Words   |  50 Pageschildren who are in conflict with the law. Under R.A. 9344 a child who is 15 years of age at the time of the commission of offense are exempted from criminal liability, however the child shall be subjected to an intervention program provided by local social welfare development office who will determine appropriate programs and consultation with the client and to person having custody of the child. There are three types of delinquency: the first type is environment delinquent, they are usually Social Disorganization And Inequality Methodology Social Disorganization and Inequality Methodology Unit 8 Assignment 1 Ann-Marie Cameron Capella University Dr. Conis December 2, 2015 Hypotheses or Research Question The research question or hypotheses is to test the previous sample against our research sampling of social disorganized local surrounding (communities/neighborhoods) in the state of Georgia and thereby inspect whether there is adequate variation that exists amongst those communities/neighborhoods that will supply useful data for this analyses. The following questions are addressed: Questions for this research: 1) What is the relationship between African American, Caucasian and the Latino communities’/ neighborhood social structure, crime rate and delinquent opportunity structures? 2) What is the combined effect of communities’/neighborhood â€Å"social structure, social processes, and delinquent opportunity structures on rates of juvenile delinquency† (Kingston, Huizinga, Elliott, 2009, p. 61)? How conclusive will the research results be? The research data should be very conclusive as long as the individuals that will be in the study are able to comply with the research questions. This research will allow them the opportunity to be counted and heard in regards to their neighborhoods social disorganization as well as the social structures and crime rate factors that might be causing these issues in their area. This research has also considered that it could lack decisive data if our subject surveyShow MoreRelatedSocial Disorganization And Inequality Methodology1225 Words   |  5 Pages Social Disorganization And Inequality Methodology Unit 8 Assignment 1 Ann-Marie Cameron Capella University Dr. Conis December 2, 2015 Hypotheses or Research Question The research question or hypotheses is to test the previous sample against our research sampling of social disorganized local surrounding (communities/neighborhoods) in the state of Georgia and thereby inspect whether there is adequate variation that exists amongst those communities/neighborhoods that will supply usefulRead MoreHigh School Dropout Levels951 Words   |  4 Pagesprevent and handle this issue. So, where will the research focus be for these states? It will start by examining the schools within these neighborhoods first, because the education system can give public safety leaders an idea of how this can impact inequality (e.g. high school dropout levels, kids having kids, lack of parental guidance, etc.). Then we need to examine the communities to see what type of living environment is within those communities, like â€Å"Broken Windows (theory)†, meaning are there dilapidatedRead MoreDisorganization Theory Of Criminology And Criminology Essay1789 Words   |  8 PagesDisorganization theory of criminology Name Institution Disorganization theory of criminology Borski, J., and Harold. (1995). Social disorganization theory: influence of society and environment to crime: New York: Lexington. The two researchers use data from the Lexington library to determine how the environment people live in can influence their behaviors. It means that the social organization theory focuses on the effect of society towards crime. When a society or the people in it do not holdRead MoreThe Development of the Chicago Schools1684 Words   |  7 Pagesintroducing the Chicago School theory, also known as the, Theory of Social Disorganisation and the Ecological School Theory. The University of Chicago formed a department of Sociology in 1892 its focus related to issues in Criminology and Sociology, with interests in and towards Social Psychology along with Urban Sociology. The main focus of the Chicago school was that human behaviour was both formed and shaped by the environment. T he social and the physical environment, that an individual resides inRead MoreEssay about Criminological Theories1544 Words   |  7 Pagespunishment type of view to more humane ways of punishing people. Positivist criminology is maintaining the control of human behavior and criminal behavior. They did this through three different categories of Biological studies, which are five methodologies of crime that were mainly focused on biological theories, Psychological theories, which contains four separate theories, and the Sociological theories, which also includes four different methods of explaining why crime exists. The last theoryRead MoreThe Importance of Demography to De velopment11868 Words   |  48 Pagesthe fundamental laws of social relationships, institutions, etc. It generally concerns itself with the social rules and processes that bind and separate people not only as individuals, but as members of associations, groups, and institutions, and includes the examination of the organization and development of human social life. The sociological field of interest ranges from the analysis of short contacts between anonymous individuals on the street to the study of global social processes. Most sociologistsRead MoreTheories of Organizational Behavior10512 Words   |  43 Pagesideas of organization incapable of being emancipated from the impetuous calls of efficiency and subordination? What place is there today for ‘ultimate values’ like dignity or happiness? Have these all-too-human dreams been made impossible in the disorganization of global capital? When organizations get busy organizing each other, how then are we to think of â⠂¬Ëœbelonging’? And how can we stop tradition from being the Other of modernization? Are there forms of affiliation and belonging that are not basedRead MoreThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India19963 Words   |  80 Pagesenemies of our society. They have to be dealt with sternly, however well placed important and influential they may be; if we acquiesce in wrongdoing, people will lose faith in us†- Dr Radhakrishnan Methodology The research methodology used for the present research article is traditional Doctrinal research method. As most of the information can be sought form the available literature. So the researcher has chosen doctrinal method as method of research for the presentRead MoreJuvenile Deliquency in Ibadan, Nigeria15127 Words   |  61 Pagesassociated with development. These includes; poverty, rapid population growth, unemployment, urbanization, industrialization, inadequate shelter and housing, youth unemployment, and under employment, breakdown of the family unit, inadequate provision of social services and inability of the educational system to respond to new challenges. From the word â€Å"juvenile delinquency†, â€Å"juvenile† means young people while delinquency means young offenders that are guilty of minor crime or misdeed. Juvenile delinquencyRead MoreChildren in Conflict to the Law12401 Words   |  50 Pageschildren who are in conflict with the law. Under R.A. 9344 a child who is 15 years of age at the time of the commission of offense are exempted from criminal liability, however the child shall be subjected to an intervention program provided by local social welfare development office who will determine appropriate programs and consultation with the client and to person having custody of the child. There are three types of delinquency: the first type is environment delinquent, they are usually

Attachment Theory Is Defined As The Emotional And...

Attachment Theory is defined as the emotional and psychological bond between a child and their caregiver, which starts from birth and is believed to last a lifetime. (Arxcis, 2017). The first published works of attachment theory were done by John Bowlby, a child psychiatrist, in 1969, with Mary Ainsworth, a Canadian psychologist, later collaborating with Bowlby to include different attachment types. Bowlby’s theory, which was influenced from Konrad Lorenz’s idea of familial imprinting, stated that attachment bonds would begin to form up until nine months of age in an infant. From nine months, up until two to three years of age, attachment types would be observable (Arxcis, 2017). In the 1950’s, Ainsworth set out on an in-depth study to†¦show more content†¦Whether they are sick, tired, hungry, or upset, caregivers of children with secure attachment most times consistently engage the child when cued, and provide predictable, supportive emotional and physi cal reactions that the child has learned to rely on. Conversely, in avoidant attachment caregivers have demonstrated that they cannot be relied on to provide emotional support in response to the child’s needs. The caregivers have either reacted to the child’s distress in a cold manner or ignored them completely. Children who are insecurely ambivalent attached often have caregivers that are inconsistent in their response to the child’s distress. The child exhibits escalating behavior such as cries turning into shrieks and screaming. They appear to want contact with the caregiver through cues, but will resist contact when attempted by the caregiver. Disorganized attachment is a result of a caregiver who is inappropriate in their response to their child, responding sexually, physically or verbally abusive. The children may present with odd behavior and act out. (Arxcis, 2017). 10-year-old Raymond Giovanni is the youngest of three children. He lives in a two-parent household with his mother, a stay-at-home parent, and his father, a detective. Ray presents as having a disorganized attachment type with both of his parents. Raymond’s mother often excludes him from activities that his siblings partake in. He knows not to interrupt herShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Bartholomew Quot ; An Adult Attachment Model1378 Words   |  6 Pages Bartholomew Horowitz (1991) developed an adult attachment model conceptualized through the understanding that a person’s image of the self and the other is dichotomized as positive or negative. 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Attachment is an affectionateRead MoreAttachment Theory on Socio-Emtionals Development of Children1435 Words   |  6 PagesAttachment Theory: One of the most studied topics in today’s psychology is the attachment theory whose common references are from attachment models by Bowlby and Ainsworth. Since its introduction, the concept has developed to become one of the most significant theoretical schemes for understanding the socio-emotional development of children at an early stage. In addition, the theory is also developing into one of the most prominent models that guide parent-child relationships. Some of the keyRead MoreAnalysis Of Wuthering Heights And The Poisonwood Bible1468 Words   |  6 Pagesthe past few decades; however, children are still suffering in today’s society. 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A first focus falls on outlining the psychological stages of emotional development and the notion of emotional response, followed by a thorough analysis of the child abuse spectrum together with effects, both early and belated, of general and most notably socio-emotional nature. Firstly, the meaning of emotional regulation and

Understanding Contemporary Moral Issues from a Catholic Free Essays

Understanding Contemporary Moral Issues from a Catholic Perspective Withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatment’. â€Å"And the dust goes back to the earth as it was, and the spirit goes back to God who gave It†. (Ecclesiastic 12:7). We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Contemporary Moral Issues from a Catholic or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order for me to comprehend and discuss the moral Issue of withdrawal of life- sustaining medical treatment from a Catholic perspective, I needed to have an understanding of what Bioethics refers to. It is a shared reflective analysis and discussion of ethical issues in health care, health science, and health policies. It engages dialogue and thought from our society comprising of doctors, patients, scientists, politicians and the general public (What Is Bioethics? 2014). Using Bioethics as a framework to discuss withdrawal of life, It helps us to realism the position the catholic church has adopted In Its views and beliefs.. The catholic church wishes to trigger a deeper thinking regarding moral issues and offers practical help in moral decision making by encouraging us to think about the role of the Church in society from two distinct roles; that of Doctrinal and of Pastoral (Rev Dry. Joe Parkinson, personal communication, July 18, 2014). One of my duties as a teacher facilitating in a Catholic Education School Is not only to Identify what the Catholic Church doctrine upholds, but also to counsel and support those In need. The Catholic doctrinal view Is that there needs to be a prohibition on euthanasia, because society may create a sub-class if we approve assisted death and what the Church offers is a development when bringing about a change of society’s mindset in which you offer palliative care and managed pain relief instead of looking at euthanasia as the only option (Dry. Joe Parkinson). The Church acknowledges that this Is a challenge In an aging society, but e need to promote an environment that upholds the dignity of the sick, vulnerable and the aged. From a pastoral approach, the Catholic perspective Is that decision making regarding values and morals is based on a process of identifying the options and choosing what is most important to us. The Catholic Church advocates discussion and examination of what is driving the decisions and what are the other values and factors at play. Saying this, the Catholic Church also realizes that the choices are often not perfect and one very Important point Is to emphasis that the Church will never abandon someone based on differences of viewpoint and acknowledges that individuals may have come to a decision, knowing that is the best that they can do, having balanced the ethical and moral decisions in their conscience. The Catholic Church appreciates that as human beings we are not remote controlled Catholics. However, the Church also recognizes it has to take a position regarding morality, a standpoint that asks us to recognize that we are responsible for our decisions and that they Impact the bigger picture In regards to Catholic Church teaches us to value life, promote and to protect life (Pontifical Council for Health Care Workers, 1995). The Church also promotes prayer and counsel to sits individuals in the decision making process and urges individuals to examine whether they feel the outcomes are acceptable before God. Saying this, the Church also understands that we need to be true to ourselves. Whilst our ethics, our reasoned choices, may often be intuitive, they allow us to make choices that make us accountable as individuals. These ethical choices expresses our values and our actions as well as our intentions, it essentially defines our values. In the issue of withdrawing life-support, it is quite possible to go about getting the right thing, but going about it in the wrong way. Morals and ethics challenge the thought that if it does not break the law; than it is acceptable. However, some lawful acts are not morally right. From a Catholic teaching perspective the primary objective and value is â€Å"To preserve the dignity of the person† and this remains its fundamental value. Unfortunately, it is often forgotten. The Catholic Church advocates that life is a gift and acknowledges that we are part of all creation and therefore, we are the stewards of the world, not the domination. The symbolism of the crucifix is a reminder to Christians that we understand and trust in Jesus, that there is eternal life and that e need to live through our mortal life. This viewpoint is that life is a gift and on that basis alone we have a responsibility to protect the weak, vulnerable, the young and the old. This is one of fundamentals of Christianity. Yet as human beings we experience illness, suffering and death and sometimes euthanasia may seem like the best choice. However, when we treat other human beings as expendable; we diminish our own humanity (Dry Joe Parkinson). The Catholic Church suggests that when we make moral decisions, we make these using a formula; a format for our moral decision-making, one in which we examine what the facts are and what is ally going on. A set up that asks the individual whether their core values are being respected, upheld and what the guiding ethical principles involved are. The rhetorical triangle (Image 1) is helpful to visualize how it is used by the Catholic Church for teaching and passing on the values of the Church. (Image 1 . The Rhetorical Triangle, reproduced from Google images). This type of plan will question who should be involved in the decision making and whether the decisions will and should be reviewed? This framework would also take into account what legal definitions need to be considered in terms of unwanted reattempt versus the decision of suicide, it will identify what the core values involving the patient are, who are the other relevant people involved and also the duty of care that affects the hospital staff, whilst still protecting the individual’s autonomy (Euthanasia law is no cure-all for Dutch doctors, 2009). What is interesting to note, is that the Catholic perspective is that life should not be preserved at all costs if it does not take into account the dignity of the individual and their decision on whether they wish to take part with treatment and whether they have been given the opportunity o think and discuss if the means of treatment is morally disproportionate, does not offer any reasonable therapeutic benefit, is overly burdensome or, in some given us intelligence to think things through, yet the Church will never advocate the taking of a human life (Dry Joe Parkinson). On the other hand, the law takes the view that duty of care is higher than the individual’s autonomy. These laws impact on careers and hospital staff alike, as in the case of Christian Roister, a 49 year old man who was left quadriplegic after being hit by a car. A Western Australian landmark court decision ruled in favor of Mr.. Roister, stating that a patient had the right to refuse treatment and to choose not to receive nutrition and hydration and any person or care group providing palliative care would not be criminally responsible (Physician-assisted suicide the same as euthanasia? 014). To safeguard the autonomy of the person, the Catholic Church endorses the use of Advanced Care Plans and appointment of an Enduring Guardian to ensure that the patient is treated and cared for respectfully and with dignity. In Christina Tone’s report entitled ‘Assisted Suicide. How the chattering classes have got it wrong, 2010 ‘she writes about Debbie Purdue, who suffe red from Multiple Sclerosis. Debby Purdue won the right to have the prosecution guidelines affecting those who assist suicide clarified and in 2010, the United Kingdom published guidelines that in no way pave the way for assisted suicide; but call for each case to be Judged on its own merits. These guidelines are imperative in protecting those working with the sick, disabled, aged or terminally ill and for those worried that if assisted suicide were to be introduced on compassionate grounds, it would lead to death on request or euthanasia without consent. Finally, as a teacher in a Catholic Education system. How to cite Understanding Contemporary Moral Issues from a Catholic, Papers

Creating a Safe Place that Accommodates Cultural Diversity

Question: Discuss about theCreating a Safe Place that Accommodates Cultural Diversity. Answer: Introduction Culture is human behaviour including customs, beliefs, and preferences. These factors vary among people depending on their origin. This report appreciates cultural differences seeks to explore on how to create safe spaces. Background Distinction in cultures raises a problem of interaction. To resolve this issue, safe spaces need to be created. Safe spaces ensure that people can communicate freely without being judged. They provide a feeling of social safety where ones culture is nurtured and respected (Arnold, Lipman, Cowling, 1994). Scope This report focuses on how people can learn to accommodate different cultures by respecting and nurturing. It seeks to explain how to create safe places that facilitate interaction among people. It focuses on a video clip by Diversity Nursing on incompetent versus competent cultural care. The video clip is set in a hospital where nurses provide unsafe and safe space for patients. Aim This reports objective is to illustrate inhibition of social safety and recommend on how to create safe spaces. In the video clip studied, the nurses are judgmental and do not provide a safe space for explanation. Their fail to appreciate different customs and beliefs. They should be open-minded and allow patients to explain their situations before making conclusions. Summary of the Media Clip Incompetent versus competent cultural are is a video clip created by Diversity Nursing on November 8th, 2011. It was created in a hospital setting to show how nurse how to accommodate patients of different ethnicities and preferences. Nurse Rida has an Asian patient who believes that coining and cupping can help reduce body pains. Rida wants to examine her patient and finds out she has circular marks on her skin that might be affected. Rida does not allow her patient to explain the situation and immediately concludes that her patient is in an abusive home (Brislin, Worthley and McNab 2006). She decides to report the matter and informs her patient that it would be best to leave her home. The following scene shows how Rita should handle the situation. Rita understands techniques used to relieve pain by different cultures, allows her patient to explain, examines the marks and sensitively explains that they are infected. Summary of Literature To understand how to create a safe space that accommodates the variety of cultures available, one has to know the following keywords. Safe space- is explained as an environment that allows free expression without worry of being discriminated or feeling uncomfortable. A safe space accommodates differences in beliefs, customs, values, identity, thoughts, background or religion. It respects cultural safety by nurturing and respecting a persons culture. Cultural safety- is the practice by a person at work and social places that aim to appreciate cultural diversity. This is by respecting anothers culture and helping nurture it without harassment and discrimination. Cultural self-awareness- this is the ability of a person to identify different cultures, be able to keep an open mind about various practices and appreciate them. It helps build a foundation in communicating without offending peoples beliefs and perceptions (Byram, 2012). Cultural capability- this refers to the ability to acquire knowledge, skills and mannerisms required to plan, offer support and provide services in a way that respects culture. It determines how one can work in various cultures and be able to accommodate different perceptions (Crowne, 2013). Cultural intelligence- this is the ability of a person to work and relate effectively with individuals in various cultures. To attain cultural information, one has to possess a variety of capabilities. According to Crowne (2013), they include; motivation to enjoy and gain from cultural diversity, knowledge about all similar and different aspects of various culture, appreciation of these differences and planning for diversity encounters, and ability to adapt behaviour that bests suits each culture. To create an environment that promotes free expression and eliminates discrimination, one has to achieve cultural intelligence. The steps to accomplishing such capacity start from being aware of the existence of various beliefs, customs, values, and perceptions (Bruhn, 2005) . Such awareness can be acquired by familiarising oneself with the different cultures that exist in different regions all over the world. In so doing, a person knows about similarities in cultures and also identifies what makes them distinct (Crowne, 2013). The second step will then involve being able to stand on one's customs and beliefs and understanding different perspectives in their original point of view. Instead of judging certain practices, a person should try to appreciate why people conduct these practices. One has to be open-minded to do so (Crowne, 2013). Once a person acquires knowledge of different practices and understands why they are conducted, the next step is trying to incorporate these beliefs into ones way of life. This does not necessitate one to abandon their culture but rather, learn various behaviours that are appreciated (Peterson, 2004). In so doing one acquire skills that enable them to deal with different encounters and promote cultural safety. Observation of the Video According to the video by Diversity Nursing, Rida is a nurse that lacks awareness of different practices used in relieving pain. She mistakes the practice of coining, cupping and acupuncture by Asians as a case of abuse. Also, when her patient tries to explain, Rida doesnt give her time and rushes out the door insisting that she was going to report the incident. Rida's behaviour depicts the lack of cultural awareness as she is not conversant with the Asian practice of pain relief. Moreover, she lacks the intelligence necessary to handle the situation and draws conclusions without ask for an explanation. This is an unsafe space for the patient. The environment excludes the patient, and Rida's behaviour involves shouting and rushing out the door ("Incompetent vs. Competent Cultural Care", 2016). However, in the subsequent scene, Rida is aware of her patients practices. She understands how the pain relief method works. Rida is calm and allows her patient to explain the circumstances that led to the need for such an approach. Rida handles the situation intelligently and explains to her patient that though the pain relief process was necessary at the time, it lead to the patient being infected. In the second scene, Rida is keen to provide a safe environment that allows her patient to explain her condition. Rida does her best in ensuring the environment is inclusive. She does so by showing her understanding of the acupuncture method of pain relief ("Incompetent vs. Competent Cultural Care", 2016). TABLE 1: cultural safety issues observed in the video clip. Time frame in seconds Physical factors Communication factors Signs of inclusion and exclusion Display or lack of cultural intelligence. 0:17s- 0:55s A hospital ward with the patient on her bed and the nurse standing by her bedside. The nurse is loud when she speaks and does not read the patients body language Exclusive; the nurse lacks awareness of the pain relief method. The nurse requires cultural intelligence. Rida doesnt listen to the explanation and rushes to make conclusions 1:52s-2:42s A hospital ward with the patient on her bed and the nurse standing by the bedside examining her patient. The nurse speaks calmly, takes her time to read her patients body language. Inclusive; the nurse is aware of the acupuncture pain relief method. Displays cultural intelligence. The nurse explains to the patient about her infection without offending her customs. Discussion At the beginning of the video clip, Nurse Rida depicts the lack of any knowledge of the various practices that help in pain relief. This lack of awareness is evident as soon as she notices the circular marks on her patients back, she concludes that the patient is a victim of violence. Besides, Rida lacks cultural intelligence because instead of allowing her patient to explain how she got the marks, Rida is quick to show how uncomfortable she is with the situation. She rushes out the door and insists on making a report of domestic violence. Later on the video clip, a different scenario is shown. Here, Rida is aware of the acupuncture pain relief method. She notices the marks and acknowledges it. She shows understanding and makes her patient comfortable who explains how she got the marks. Rather than rushing out the door, Rida examines her patient's scores and realises they are infected (Quappe and Cantatore, 2005) . She is culturally intelligent as she carefully to her patient about the infected wounds in a culture respecting manner. Recommendations According to the studied video clip, Rida needs to acquire information on practices with a medical orientation. That way she will be aware of the marks they leave behind and will not be caught off guard again (Tierney, 2007). Besides, Rida should learn to appreciate various practices as it will help her understand the medical perspective of her patients. She should also embrace these customs and will, therefore, be able to act accordingly towards her patient. Besides acquiring knowledge, she should aim at achieving cultural intelligence. She will gain better communication skills on how to pass information without offending ones beliefs. She will appreciate diversity and learn to incorporate some of these differences in her way of life (Tierney, 2007). This way she can create a safer space environment for her patients to explain themselves without feeling uncomfortable. Conclusion This report focuses on social safety and how to create a safe space that accommodates cultural diversity and appreciates different personal identities. It explains the various concepts that should be understood to understand the necessity of creating safe spaces. It reviews a video clip by Diversity Nursing that shows safe and unsafe areas. The video clip demonstrates this two scenarios by showing one with a dangerous environment and another the recommends the changes that should be made. The report describes steps to be taken so as to ensure a safe space and towards accomplishing social intelligence. References Arieli, D., Friedman, V., Hirschfeld, M. (2012). Challenges on the path to cultural safety inNursing education. International Nursing Review, 59(2), 187-193. Arnold, M., Lipman, S., Cowling, M. (1994). Culture and anarchy. New Haven: YaleUniversity Press. Brislin, Worthley and McNab (2006) cultural intelligence Bruhn (2005) culture brain interactions Byram, M. (2012). Language awareness and (critical) cultural awareness relationships,comparisons and contrasts. Language Awareness, 21(1-2), 5-13. Crowne, K. (2013). Cultural exposure, emotional intelligence, and cultural intelligence: Anexploratory study. International Journal Of Cross-Cultural Management, 13(1), 5-22.Cultural diversity awareness. Flanja (2009) culture shock intercultural communication Glapka, E. (2015). On a stepping-stone to cultural intelligence: Textual/discursive analyses of media reception in cultural studies. International Journal Of Cultural Studies. Gollings, J. (2011). Cultural awareness. BDJ, 210(11), 501-502 Hall, L. Wilkes, M. (2015). Its a safe environment for us Indigenous students Creating aculturally safe learning space for Indigenous Pre-Tertiary students. Learning Communities: International Journal Of learning in social contexts, 17 (indigenous pathways), 121-122. Holley and Steiner (2005) creating safe spaces Incompetent vs. Competent Cultural Care. (2016). YouTube. Retrieved 15 October 2016 Peterson, B. (2004). Cultural intelligence. Yarmouth, Me.: Intercultural Press. Quappe and Cantatore (2005) cultural awareness Spector, R. (2004). Cultural diversity in health illness. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: PearsonPrentice Hall. Tierney, S. (2007). Accommodating cultural diversity. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Journal of Ethnic Cultural Diversity in Social Work Call for Papers. (2015). Journal Of Ethnic And Cultural Diversity In Social Work, 24(2), 184-185.

The Concept of Autobiographical Memory

Article Summary Considering that relationships form the core of human needs, it is obvious that interpersonal relationships influence people’s psychological functioning, mental health, and wellbeing. For example, individuals experiencing attachment security are known to possess high levels of self-esteem and excellent adaptive or coping strategies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Autobiographical Memory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, individuals experiencing attachment anxiety and/or avoidance have been found to suffer from psychopathology and emotional distress (Sutin Gillath, 2009, p. 351). Therefore, many studies demonstrate the relationship between various attachment styles and the subsequent psychological distress particularly depression. However, to demonstrate this link, many researchers have had to rely on the way people predetermine, store, recover, and use dif ferent memories in their interpersonal relationships. Accordingly, Sutin and Gillath (2009) deviated from the previous studies by proposing that some measurable aspects of the autobiographical memory determine the relationship between attachment styles and psychological distress. The proposed components of the autobiographical memory measured by these researchers include the phenomenological experience and the emotional content of the memory. In their study, Sutin and Gillath (2009) tested the two components of the autobiographical memory in two separate studies. In the first study, 454 participants took part in a two-session survey whereby in the first session, the participants’ experiences were evaluated relative to different measures such as self-defining relationship memories, phenomenology, adult attachment, and depressive symptoms while in the second session, the participants were asked to retrieve and rate their self-defining relationship memory experiences regarding r omantic interactions. In the second study, 534 participants were introduced to one of the three priming conditions; attachment security (195 participants), attachment insecurity (157 participants), and the control condition (182 participants). After priming, the participants retrieved and rated their experiences regarding a self-defining memory (Sutin Gillath, 2009, pp. 353-358).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research findings show that memory phenomenology (memory coherence and emotional intensity) determined the relationship between attachment avoidance and depression while the negative affective content of the autobiographical memory determined the link between attachment anxiety and depression (Sutin Gillath, 2009, p. 355). On the other hand, priming the participants with attachment security made them to show more coherent relationship memories while attachment insecurity made the participants to show more incoherent relationship memories. Analysis The concept of autobiographical memory has been shown to mediate the association between different attachment styles and psychological distress. In fact, different aspects of autobiographical memory seem to be the product of a reconstructive process that underlies an individual’s emotional and motivational functioning. Here, various aspects of autobiographical memory play a major role in constructing and maintaining an individual’s self identity and promoting the development of intimacy. However, these memories are not always related to positive human functions. In some cases, the retrieval style for the autobiographical memories is susceptible to various depressive symptoms in that various intrusive memories can promote psychological distress particularly the post-traumatic stress disorder (Sutin Gillath, 2009, p. 352). As a result, autobiographical memories can determine the path to depre ssion vulnerability and psychological distress. According to Sutin and Gillath (2009), two major aspects of autobiographical memory, that is, phenomenology and content, demonstrated a consistent relationship with psychological distress. Therefore, there is evidence to suggest that the two aspects mediate attachment avoidance and anxiety. For instance, memory coherence and emotional intensity, which are related to phenomenology, play an important role in terms of mediating distress for avoidance as opposed to anxiety. On the other hand, memory incoherence is closely associated with attachment avoidance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Autobiographical Memory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As opposed to avoidance, attachment anxiety is closely related to the memory’s emotional content. Overall, this study provides provocative evidence to suggest that there is a link between attachment style s and autobiographical memory, which in turn mediates psychological distress. Reference Sutin, A.R., Gillath, O. (2009). Autobiographical memory phenomenology and content mediate attachment style and psychological distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(3), 351-364. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/search/display?id=eaa94d4d-6224-7b53-e55b-513824ce224crecordId=1tab=PApage=1display=25sort=PublicationYearMSSort%20desc,AuthorSort%20ascsr=1 This essay on The Concept of Autobiographical Memory was written and submitted by user Madison C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Caligula Essays - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Caligula, Tiberius

Caligula Essays - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Caligula, Tiberius Caligula As most of the emperors of ancient Rome were given different names then the names they had at birth Caligula was no different. Caligula's real name was Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus and he was born at Antium, 25 miles from Rome, in 12 AD Gaius was a turning point in the history of the Principate, but he also was the one emperor from the Julio-Claudian dynasty who was very poorly documented. ( Bibliography # 2). Gaius was born on August 31, 12 AD to Germanicus; Augustus' adopted grandson, and Agrippina Senior, Augustus' granddaughter. Gaius was the third of six children, the youngest son, and accompanied his parents on many military campaigns. As a baby his parents would dress him up in a miniature soldier costume and show him to the armies on their campaigns. Gaius received his nickname Caligula from the half boots or sandals that went with the costume called caligilas. The armies affectionately called him little boots or Caligula. ( Bibliography # 1,6). When Gaius as youth he developed an unhealthy relationship with his sisters Agrippina Jr, Drusilla and Julia Livilla. Gaius's two brothers and his mother were killed after they were accused of plotting against Tiberius. Gaius's father, Germanicus, died under what is recorded as suspicious circumstances on October 10, 19 AD After which, while Tiberius reigned, he was sent to live first with his great grandmother, Livia and then, when Livia died, with his grandmother, Antonia. ( Bibliography # 2,4-6). In 31 AD Gaius was summoned to join Tiberius at his villa on Capri. Gaius stayed there with Tiberius until he became emperor, in 37 AD, after Tiberius' death. ( Bibliography # 2,5). Before Gaius became emperor the only political related job Gaius held was an honorary quaestorship in 33 AD. After Tiberius' death on March 6, 37 AD Gaius was in the perfect position to assume the emperor's throne, despite Tiberius' will that named his Gaius and his cousin Tiberius Gemellus joint heirs. Because of this slight obstacle in his way he had Gemellus killed within a matter of months. After the death of Gemellus, Gaius had Tiberius's will declared null and void. Gaius said that the will was void because of insanity. ( Bibliography # 2,4). Although Gaius started his political career on the right track he went down, and down fast. Within four years the very guards that were assigned to protect him murdered him. Ancient sources agree that insanity was the cause of Gaius' downfall. The best reason that researches came up with for Gaius' madness was that he, being a young man, was thrown into the job and he saw through the disguise that Augustus had set up and acted accordingly. Because of this, and his troubled upbringing, and the complete lack of tact led to his wild behavior that his contemporaries as way too extreme and even insane. ( Bibliography # 1-3). During Gaius' reign he had Mauretania annexed and reorganized into two provinces, Herod Agrippa appointed to a kingdom in Palestine and many severe riots between Jews and Greeks took place. He Gauls dress up as Germans at his triumph and had his Roman troops collect seashells as spoils for the sea. ( Bibliography # 2). After uncovering a nascent conspiracy under Cn. Lentulus Gaetulicus, Gaius had his brother-in-law M. Aemilius Lepodus and Cn. Lentulus executed and his two surviving sisters, who were a part of the conspiracy exiled. Gaius had great enthusiasm for divine honors for himself and his favorite sister, Drusilla. After her sudden death in 38 AD he had her deified. He even tried to have a statue of himself erected in the Temple at Jerusalem, But through delaying techniques of P. Petronius and the intervention of Herod Agrippa prevented riots and uprisings in Palestine. ( Bibliography # 1-3). The conspiracy that ended Gaius's life was hatched between the officers of the Praetorian Guard, apparently for personal reasons. Even though the guards thought it up it appeared to have the support of some senators and an imperial freedman. ( Bibliography # 2). Just as other conspiracies there were suspicions that the plot was broader than sources had said in the beginning. The conspiracy might have even had the support of the next emperor Claudius, but there isn't evidence that proves these theories. ( Bibliography # 2). On

Technology Development and Market Globalization Essay

Technology Development and Market Globalization - Essay Example Therefore, environmental, social and economic concerns are influenced by technological development globally. The development of modern technologies, IT communications influenced the operation of the global market. For example, by means of electronic communication the modern employees are able to work for two or even more companies, they can regulate their own schedule and as a result we come across a well-developed an integrated cosmopolitan, a more dynamic individual, who is able to integrate in the system of countries integration globally. Question 2 Country factors to locate production In order to locate production in the global market, there is a need to take into account many different factors. For example, the importance of country factors cannot be denied. There is a need for firms operating at the local level to locate manufacturing activities in such a way, that it would focus on different economic, political, and cultural issues. Moreover, the relative factor costs play ano ther critical role in such type of performance. There are different regulations within a certain country, which may influence the national consumption of goods or production. For example, regulations on FDI or exchange rates changing are also essential for country factors considerations. Every country has its own system of values, factors, features and specific needs, which should be taken into account by the producers and manufacturers. Question 3 World financial system without IMF The important role of IMF in the global market cannot be denied. The important sustainable function of IMF with regards to different global countries can be found in multilateral and bilateral surveillance, development of its lending programs, and the provision of technical assistance. In case IMF was absent, it would be impossible for the world financial system to conduct a dialogue between countries-members. Any financial system would be unable to determine from an independent perspective its advantage s and disadvantages. This function is performed by IMF in the process of bilateral surveillance. Under conditions of multilateral surveillance IMF determines financial spillovers from one country to another. There is a technical assistance of IMF and diagnostic actions implemented by this organization, otherwise the countries would be lacking of strategic development of macroeconomic and other structural policies (Kiggundu, 2002). Question 4 China in international business China is a great player globally. This country is being developed at a full pace and it is a well-known producer of 13% of world economic output and consumes nickel, copper and oil at the fullest extent (Kiggundu, 2002). The role of China in WTO reflects the country’s ability to increase its export rates (for 29%). China is a great manufacturer and exporter of textile and electronics (Kiggundu, 2002). There are different spheres of business, trade and manufacturing, which are covered by China. There are fut ure intentions of the country to export cars and airplanes. The global society is greatly interested in investments into this country. There is a favorable atmosphere in China for skilled professionals, their training and education. There is an evident potential in the country, which is attractive for other global players. Question 5 Outsourcing Outsourcing is very

Discussion #6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion #6 - Essay Example The group provides permanent affordable housing, financial assistance, employment services, housing search services, benefits advocacy, as well as proactive landlord outreach with the aim of assisting families overcome credit and income barriers to economic stability and housing stability. Angel Tree is a non-profit organization that seeks to assist children whose parents have been imprisoned by helping them meet their spiritual, emotional, and physical needs. The organization’s programs seek to support the prisoners’ families as well as the inmates to ensure they reconcile with the community, family, and God after their prison terms to minimize repeat offenders. Generation Five is an organization that focuses on creating awareness of occurrence and consequences of child sexual abuse through transformative justice and education on how to identify, prevent, and respond responsibly to incidents of child sexual abuse. The organization aims at eliminating conditions that promote child sexual abuse such as gender inequality, racism, class exploitation as well as violence and instead promote justice, liberation as well as sustainability. Bay Area Recovery is an organization that provides rehabilitation programs for drug and alcohol addicts with the aim of enhancing the individual’s health, as well as the family and community relationships. The organization offers services such as detoxification, individual therapy, as well as group therapy to promote an efficient and comprehensive treatment program for the addicts. Sesame Workshop is an organization that focuses on helping children to develop the strength to heal and have hope after the death of a parent. The group provides friendship, hope and understanding to children going through the grieving process. Banana Splits Resource Centre is an organization that supports children who experience parental divorce or separation. The

Case Study Theory Guided Practice Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essay

Case Study Theory Guided Practice Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essay This paper is a presentation of the board of the hospital which will present the arguments from two committees; an evidence-based committee and theory-based committee. A summarized report of each committees presentation is included on why the hospital should implement integrated evidenced-based practice (EBP) or theory-based practice into their clinical setting. After analysing the arguments and supporting points of both sides, merits and drawbacks of the implementation of each practice were taken into account and put forward. Finally, the rationale and recommendation for a theory-guided, evidence-based nursing approach will be asserted. The evidence-guided committee states that by implementing an evidence-based approach into the hospital, nurses will be able to make clinical decisions using current best research evidence. This is then blended with approved policies and clinical guidelines, clinical expertise and judgment, and patient preferences (). They argue that EBP will improve clients present and future health outcomes. The committee brought into example a study done in a hospital setting using research-based nursing intervention. The study found that 72% of the clients had 28% better outcomes physically, behaviourally, intellectually, and socio-psychologically when evidence-based practice (1988). They stressed the importance of integrating the best sound evidence of client care in the nursing profession with an aim to improve that care. The committee also believes that EBP will help to narrow the existing gap between research and practice. When EBP is utilized, nurses will be able to use research finding to establish or guide their actions in clinical settings. They will no longer rely on fads or the advice of colleagues that may not be valid or reliable (). In addition, EBP will increase the availability and utilization of quality research that is based on randomised controlled trail designs (). This will in turn help nurses to keep up with the large amounts of continuously yield research findings and will allow them to utilize rigorous research rather than methodologically weak and unreliable research (). The theory-guided committee argued that implementing a conceptual approach in clinical practice would facilitate processes that significantly benefit clients, nurses, the healthcare system and the broader environment (). Theory would provide nurses with a purpose in their clinical practice while giving them a perspective with which to view clients situations. By implementing theory-based practice nurses, we would be able to systematize, analyse and interpret the daily experiences and information gained from providing care to clients. This in turn would help nurses better manipulate outcomes of the care provided, better communicate with clients and other health care professionals and make their practice more efficient overall. Theory-guided nursing practice will make nursing a unique profession with its own boundaries and will help guide the direction the profession to follow in the future. The theory-based committee also provided examples of applying major human science theories into practice and strongly urged us to designate a specific theory to guide the nursing practice within the hospital. Some examples include Parses theory of human becoming and the formation of meaning to health and quality of life, and Newmans theory of expanding consciousness and pattern recognition through the collaboration with clients. They described a hospice setting and how such theories can be implemented to dying clients and their families. For example, if the practice is guided by Parses theory, the nurse is able to provide an individualized care to clients, viewing each client as a unique human being and an expert of his or her own life. Another example given was towards clients with disabilities. When the practice is guided by Newmans theory, nurses are able to form relationships with their clients and find an unfolding pattern in their lives. In this way both are able to expand thei r consciousness; nurses and clients are able to grow, find new meanings in life, and form new and deeper relationships. Many nurses reported that when such theories were implemented in clinical settings, their job was more rewarding and professional, in turn improving both client and nurse satisfaction (). The committee argues that implementing theory based practice will help nurses understand clients better and in turn improve clients health and well-being, as well as provide the nurses with a unique body of knowledge. After closely listening to both committees it is clear that both EBP and theory-based practice have both advantages and disadvantages. Firstly, when EBP is used, some nurses might find it difficult to incorporate it into the clinical setting as they might simply not understand how to do so, or they may lack the knowledge and skill of interpreting research finding and applying them to practice. Whereas, when theory-guided practice is used to guide nurses thinking and actions, nurses can better comprehend and put meaning to what they are doing and why. Furthermore, time constrains can impede nurses from utilizing EBP (Canadian Nurses Association, 2004). Nurses often have heavy workloads and so can be too busy to engage in such practices. In addition, nurses may not have the appropriate access to current information and resources to support the search for new knowledge. For example, hospital libraries may not have current research journals. Nurses may also find it difficult to implement theory-based practice into clinical settings. Nurses may have hard time to decide how and in what situations to apply theory as they may not have a clear understanding of or may not recognize the principles and concepts related to client care and needs. In fact, there is very little material in the literature relating to the application of theory to modern practice. All of the later contributes further to the already existing theory-practice gap. Moreover, nursing theory in the literature often is subjective and focuses on restricted, ideal situations. Nursing theory often describes how nursing practice should be rather than how it really is in real life situations. In fact, the knowledge of theory does not always produce good practice. As observed by Allmark (1995), practice development and progression many times lacks theoretical base. Therefore, we must be vigilant in the conscientious application of nursing theory to relevant situati ons. If used effectively, both EBP and theory-based practice can greatly contribute to nursing practice. EBP is a universally applicable phenomenon which uses up-to-date top research evidences and facilitates sound judgment in clinical settings and cost-effective care. It can also promote nurses and students alike to question common clinical practice actions. Nursing theory can create new ideas and help put forward solutions to the many problems that are encountered in the experiential world of the clinical setting. Whereas nursing theory puts greater emphasis on client centered care, EBP also considers client preferences and so together they can ensure a more client centered approach. This way, clients and nurses will be able to engage in a therapeutic relationship, where trust, acceptance and mutuality are co-created by nursing and client, improving quality of care. I believe that theory guided practice in a way allows EBP to progress by generating conceptual problems. I think that integrating both EBP and theory based practice would yield the best results for both clients and nurses alike. It would lead to improved professional autonomy and give nurses a unique identity that guides our practice by what we know rather than by delegating nursing responsibilities. Also, nurses will be able to care for clients in a way that improves their health and well being within their own environments. Nursing theory can be used to provide guidance in creating and implementing evidence-based practice. In order to make a theory-guided, evidence-based practice possible and narrow the gap between research, theory and practice, a number of factors must be considered and addressed. Firstly, to help narrow the theory-practice gap, theory development should be targeted towards nurse educators as well as nurse practitioners. Institutions must make efforts to promote theory and practice as a whole unit rather than separate nursing actions. This in turn will help nurses apply relevance to academic knowledge in clinical practice. Students and nurses should also be exposed to theoretical principles more often. As well, effective guidelines for the application of theory in nursing practice should be developed and encouraged to be utilized. Furthermore, EBP can also be incorporated in educational faculties such as universities and within practice settings themselves. Hospitals should incorporate programs, seminars, orientation sessions, workshops and offer nurses continuing education courses that will focus on theoretical concepts and principles as well as skills such as searching and critiquing research and applying it to practice. Other programs can also be developed that will train nurses and focus on improving their knowledge and skill to critically evaluate research findings and its effect of their practice. Moreover, hospitals should have libraries near or within the clinical setting that will include current research journals in the libraries. Hospitals should also provide internet access in the clinical setting with good databases containing theory-based and evidence-based research articles. Hospitals should also implement policies, procedures and practice guidelines that are based on current evidence. It is also important for the theorists and researchers to directly participate in clinical settings. This will allow them to base their theories or research on real life experiences and use a language that could be easily understood by nurses. Moreover, it is essential to support information-seeking behaviours that demonstrate the use of present evidence- based and theory based practices. By promoting the benefits of EBP and theory-based practice, nurses can be the change champions who implement the best of both practices. Raudonis, B., Acton, G. (1997). Theory-based nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(1), 138-145. Canadian Nurses Association (2004). Making Best Practice Guidelines a Reality from Nursing Now: Issues and Trends in Canadian Nursing, No 17, 1-4.