The Concept of Autobiographical Memory

Article Summary Considering that relationships form the core of human needs, it is obvious that interpersonal relationships influence people’s psychological functioning, mental health, and wellbeing. For example, individuals experiencing attachment security are known to possess high levels of self-esteem and excellent adaptive or coping strategies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Autobiographical Memory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, individuals experiencing attachment anxiety and/or avoidance have been found to suffer from psychopathology and emotional distress (Sutin Gillath, 2009, p. 351). Therefore, many studies demonstrate the relationship between various attachment styles and the subsequent psychological distress particularly depression. However, to demonstrate this link, many researchers have had to rely on the way people predetermine, store, recover, and use dif ferent memories in their interpersonal relationships. Accordingly, Sutin and Gillath (2009) deviated from the previous studies by proposing that some measurable aspects of the autobiographical memory determine the relationship between attachment styles and psychological distress. The proposed components of the autobiographical memory measured by these researchers include the phenomenological experience and the emotional content of the memory. In their study, Sutin and Gillath (2009) tested the two components of the autobiographical memory in two separate studies. In the first study, 454 participants took part in a two-session survey whereby in the first session, the participants’ experiences were evaluated relative to different measures such as self-defining relationship memories, phenomenology, adult attachment, and depressive symptoms while in the second session, the participants were asked to retrieve and rate their self-defining relationship memory experiences regarding r omantic interactions. In the second study, 534 participants were introduced to one of the three priming conditions; attachment security (195 participants), attachment insecurity (157 participants), and the control condition (182 participants). After priming, the participants retrieved and rated their experiences regarding a self-defining memory (Sutin Gillath, 2009, pp. 353-358).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research findings show that memory phenomenology (memory coherence and emotional intensity) determined the relationship between attachment avoidance and depression while the negative affective content of the autobiographical memory determined the link between attachment anxiety and depression (Sutin Gillath, 2009, p. 355). On the other hand, priming the participants with attachment security made them to show more coherent relationship memories while attachment insecurity made the participants to show more incoherent relationship memories. Analysis The concept of autobiographical memory has been shown to mediate the association between different attachment styles and psychological distress. In fact, different aspects of autobiographical memory seem to be the product of a reconstructive process that underlies an individual’s emotional and motivational functioning. Here, various aspects of autobiographical memory play a major role in constructing and maintaining an individual’s self identity and promoting the development of intimacy. However, these memories are not always related to positive human functions. In some cases, the retrieval style for the autobiographical memories is susceptible to various depressive symptoms in that various intrusive memories can promote psychological distress particularly the post-traumatic stress disorder (Sutin Gillath, 2009, p. 352). As a result, autobiographical memories can determine the path to depre ssion vulnerability and psychological distress. According to Sutin and Gillath (2009), two major aspects of autobiographical memory, that is, phenomenology and content, demonstrated a consistent relationship with psychological distress. Therefore, there is evidence to suggest that the two aspects mediate attachment avoidance and anxiety. For instance, memory coherence and emotional intensity, which are related to phenomenology, play an important role in terms of mediating distress for avoidance as opposed to anxiety. On the other hand, memory incoherence is closely associated with attachment avoidance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Autobiographical Memory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As opposed to avoidance, attachment anxiety is closely related to the memory’s emotional content. Overall, this study provides provocative evidence to suggest that there is a link between attachment style s and autobiographical memory, which in turn mediates psychological distress. Reference Sutin, A.R., Gillath, O. (2009). Autobiographical memory phenomenology and content mediate attachment style and psychological distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(3), 351-364. 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Caligula Essays - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Caligula, Tiberius

Caligula Essays - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Caligula, Tiberius Caligula As most of the emperors of ancient Rome were given different names then the names they had at birth Caligula was no different. Caligula's real name was Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus and he was born at Antium, 25 miles from Rome, in 12 AD Gaius was a turning point in the history of the Principate, but he also was the one emperor from the Julio-Claudian dynasty who was very poorly documented. ( Bibliography # 2). Gaius was born on August 31, 12 AD to Germanicus; Augustus' adopted grandson, and Agrippina Senior, Augustus' granddaughter. Gaius was the third of six children, the youngest son, and accompanied his parents on many military campaigns. As a baby his parents would dress him up in a miniature soldier costume and show him to the armies on their campaigns. Gaius received his nickname Caligula from the half boots or sandals that went with the costume called caligilas. The armies affectionately called him little boots or Caligula. ( Bibliography # 1,6). When Gaius as youth he developed an unhealthy relationship with his sisters Agrippina Jr, Drusilla and Julia Livilla. Gaius's two brothers and his mother were killed after they were accused of plotting against Tiberius. Gaius's father, Germanicus, died under what is recorded as suspicious circumstances on October 10, 19 AD After which, while Tiberius reigned, he was sent to live first with his great grandmother, Livia and then, when Livia died, with his grandmother, Antonia. ( Bibliography # 2,4-6). In 31 AD Gaius was summoned to join Tiberius at his villa on Capri. Gaius stayed there with Tiberius until he became emperor, in 37 AD, after Tiberius' death. ( Bibliography # 2,5). Before Gaius became emperor the only political related job Gaius held was an honorary quaestorship in 33 AD. After Tiberius' death on March 6, 37 AD Gaius was in the perfect position to assume the emperor's throne, despite Tiberius' will that named his Gaius and his cousin Tiberius Gemellus joint heirs. Because of this slight obstacle in his way he had Gemellus killed within a matter of months. After the death of Gemellus, Gaius had Tiberius's will declared null and void. Gaius said that the will was void because of insanity. ( Bibliography # 2,4). Although Gaius started his political career on the right track he went down, and down fast. Within four years the very guards that were assigned to protect him murdered him. Ancient sources agree that insanity was the cause of Gaius' downfall. The best reason that researches came up with for Gaius' madness was that he, being a young man, was thrown into the job and he saw through the disguise that Augustus had set up and acted accordingly. Because of this, and his troubled upbringing, and the complete lack of tact led to his wild behavior that his contemporaries as way too extreme and even insane. ( Bibliography # 1-3). During Gaius' reign he had Mauretania annexed and reorganized into two provinces, Herod Agrippa appointed to a kingdom in Palestine and many severe riots between Jews and Greeks took place. He Gauls dress up as Germans at his triumph and had his Roman troops collect seashells as spoils for the sea. ( Bibliography # 2). After uncovering a nascent conspiracy under Cn. Lentulus Gaetulicus, Gaius had his brother-in-law M. Aemilius Lepodus and Cn. Lentulus executed and his two surviving sisters, who were a part of the conspiracy exiled. Gaius had great enthusiasm for divine honors for himself and his favorite sister, Drusilla. After her sudden death in 38 AD he had her deified. He even tried to have a statue of himself erected in the Temple at Jerusalem, But through delaying techniques of P. Petronius and the intervention of Herod Agrippa prevented riots and uprisings in Palestine. ( Bibliography # 1-3). The conspiracy that ended Gaius's life was hatched between the officers of the Praetorian Guard, apparently for personal reasons. Even though the guards thought it up it appeared to have the support of some senators and an imperial freedman. ( Bibliography # 2). Just as other conspiracies there were suspicions that the plot was broader than sources had said in the beginning. The conspiracy might have even had the support of the next emperor Claudius, but there isn't evidence that proves these theories. ( Bibliography # 2). On

Technology Development and Market Globalization Essay

Technology Development and Market Globalization - Essay Example Therefore, environmental, social and economic concerns are influenced by technological development globally. The development of modern technologies, IT communications influenced the operation of the global market. For example, by means of electronic communication the modern employees are able to work for two or even more companies, they can regulate their own schedule and as a result we come across a well-developed an integrated cosmopolitan, a more dynamic individual, who is able to integrate in the system of countries integration globally. Question 2 Country factors to locate production In order to locate production in the global market, there is a need to take into account many different factors. For example, the importance of country factors cannot be denied. There is a need for firms operating at the local level to locate manufacturing activities in such a way, that it would focus on different economic, political, and cultural issues. Moreover, the relative factor costs play ano ther critical role in such type of performance. There are different regulations within a certain country, which may influence the national consumption of goods or production. For example, regulations on FDI or exchange rates changing are also essential for country factors considerations. Every country has its own system of values, factors, features and specific needs, which should be taken into account by the producers and manufacturers. Question 3 World financial system without IMF The important role of IMF in the global market cannot be denied. The important sustainable function of IMF with regards to different global countries can be found in multilateral and bilateral surveillance, development of its lending programs, and the provision of technical assistance. In case IMF was absent, it would be impossible for the world financial system to conduct a dialogue between countries-members. Any financial system would be unable to determine from an independent perspective its advantage s and disadvantages. This function is performed by IMF in the process of bilateral surveillance. Under conditions of multilateral surveillance IMF determines financial spillovers from one country to another. There is a technical assistance of IMF and diagnostic actions implemented by this organization, otherwise the countries would be lacking of strategic development of macroeconomic and other structural policies (Kiggundu, 2002). Question 4 China in international business China is a great player globally. This country is being developed at a full pace and it is a well-known producer of 13% of world economic output and consumes nickel, copper and oil at the fullest extent (Kiggundu, 2002). The role of China in WTO reflects the country’s ability to increase its export rates (for 29%). China is a great manufacturer and exporter of textile and electronics (Kiggundu, 2002). There are different spheres of business, trade and manufacturing, which are covered by China. There are fut ure intentions of the country to export cars and airplanes. The global society is greatly interested in investments into this country. There is a favorable atmosphere in China for skilled professionals, their training and education. There is an evident potential in the country, which is attractive for other global players. Question 5 Outsourcing Outsourcing is very

Discussion #6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion #6 - Essay Example The group provides permanent affordable housing, financial assistance, employment services, housing search services, benefits advocacy, as well as proactive landlord outreach with the aim of assisting families overcome credit and income barriers to economic stability and housing stability. Angel Tree is a non-profit organization that seeks to assist children whose parents have been imprisoned by helping them meet their spiritual, emotional, and physical needs. The organization’s programs seek to support the prisoners’ families as well as the inmates to ensure they reconcile with the community, family, and God after their prison terms to minimize repeat offenders. Generation Five is an organization that focuses on creating awareness of occurrence and consequences of child sexual abuse through transformative justice and education on how to identify, prevent, and respond responsibly to incidents of child sexual abuse. The organization aims at eliminating conditions that promote child sexual abuse such as gender inequality, racism, class exploitation as well as violence and instead promote justice, liberation as well as sustainability. Bay Area Recovery is an organization that provides rehabilitation programs for drug and alcohol addicts with the aim of enhancing the individual’s health, as well as the family and community relationships. The organization offers services such as detoxification, individual therapy, as well as group therapy to promote an efficient and comprehensive treatment program for the addicts. Sesame Workshop is an organization that focuses on helping children to develop the strength to heal and have hope after the death of a parent. The group provides friendship, hope and understanding to children going through the grieving process. Banana Splits Resource Centre is an organization that supports children who experience parental divorce or separation. The

Case Study Theory Guided Practice Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essay

Case Study Theory Guided Practice Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essay This paper is a presentation of the board of the hospital which will present the arguments from two committees; an evidence-based committee and theory-based committee. A summarized report of each committees presentation is included on why the hospital should implement integrated evidenced-based practice (EBP) or theory-based practice into their clinical setting. After analysing the arguments and supporting points of both sides, merits and drawbacks of the implementation of each practice were taken into account and put forward. Finally, the rationale and recommendation for a theory-guided, evidence-based nursing approach will be asserted. The evidence-guided committee states that by implementing an evidence-based approach into the hospital, nurses will be able to make clinical decisions using current best research evidence. This is then blended with approved policies and clinical guidelines, clinical expertise and judgment, and patient preferences (). They argue that EBP will improve clients present and future health outcomes. The committee brought into example a study done in a hospital setting using research-based nursing intervention. The study found that 72% of the clients had 28% better outcomes physically, behaviourally, intellectually, and socio-psychologically when evidence-based practice (1988). They stressed the importance of integrating the best sound evidence of client care in the nursing profession with an aim to improve that care. The committee also believes that EBP will help to narrow the existing gap between research and practice. When EBP is utilized, nurses will be able to use research finding to establish or guide their actions in clinical settings. They will no longer rely on fads or the advice of colleagues that may not be valid or reliable (). In addition, EBP will increase the availability and utilization of quality research that is based on randomised controlled trail designs (). This will in turn help nurses to keep up with the large amounts of continuously yield research findings and will allow them to utilize rigorous research rather than methodologically weak and unreliable research (). The theory-guided committee argued that implementing a conceptual approach in clinical practice would facilitate processes that significantly benefit clients, nurses, the healthcare system and the broader environment (). Theory would provide nurses with a purpose in their clinical practice while giving them a perspective with which to view clients situations. By implementing theory-based practice nurses, we would be able to systematize, analyse and interpret the daily experiences and information gained from providing care to clients. This in turn would help nurses better manipulate outcomes of the care provided, better communicate with clients and other health care professionals and make their practice more efficient overall. Theory-guided nursing practice will make nursing a unique profession with its own boundaries and will help guide the direction the profession to follow in the future. The theory-based committee also provided examples of applying major human science theories into practice and strongly urged us to designate a specific theory to guide the nursing practice within the hospital. Some examples include Parses theory of human becoming and the formation of meaning to health and quality of life, and Newmans theory of expanding consciousness and pattern recognition through the collaboration with clients. They described a hospice setting and how such theories can be implemented to dying clients and their families. For example, if the practice is guided by Parses theory, the nurse is able to provide an individualized care to clients, viewing each client as a unique human being and an expert of his or her own life. Another example given was towards clients with disabilities. When the practice is guided by Newmans theory, nurses are able to form relationships with their clients and find an unfolding pattern in their lives. In this way both are able to expand thei r consciousness; nurses and clients are able to grow, find new meanings in life, and form new and deeper relationships. Many nurses reported that when such theories were implemented in clinical settings, their job was more rewarding and professional, in turn improving both client and nurse satisfaction (). The committee argues that implementing theory based practice will help nurses understand clients better and in turn improve clients health and well-being, as well as provide the nurses with a unique body of knowledge. After closely listening to both committees it is clear that both EBP and theory-based practice have both advantages and disadvantages. Firstly, when EBP is used, some nurses might find it difficult to incorporate it into the clinical setting as they might simply not understand how to do so, or they may lack the knowledge and skill of interpreting research finding and applying them to practice. Whereas, when theory-guided practice is used to guide nurses thinking and actions, nurses can better comprehend and put meaning to what they are doing and why. Furthermore, time constrains can impede nurses from utilizing EBP (Canadian Nurses Association, 2004). Nurses often have heavy workloads and so can be too busy to engage in such practices. In addition, nurses may not have the appropriate access to current information and resources to support the search for new knowledge. For example, hospital libraries may not have current research journals. Nurses may also find it difficult to implement theory-based practice into clinical settings. Nurses may have hard time to decide how and in what situations to apply theory as they may not have a clear understanding of or may not recognize the principles and concepts related to client care and needs. In fact, there is very little material in the literature relating to the application of theory to modern practice. All of the later contributes further to the already existing theory-practice gap. Moreover, nursing theory in the literature often is subjective and focuses on restricted, ideal situations. Nursing theory often describes how nursing practice should be rather than how it really is in real life situations. In fact, the knowledge of theory does not always produce good practice. As observed by Allmark (1995), practice development and progression many times lacks theoretical base. Therefore, we must be vigilant in the conscientious application of nursing theory to relevant situati ons. If used effectively, both EBP and theory-based practice can greatly contribute to nursing practice. EBP is a universally applicable phenomenon which uses up-to-date top research evidences and facilitates sound judgment in clinical settings and cost-effective care. It can also promote nurses and students alike to question common clinical practice actions. Nursing theory can create new ideas and help put forward solutions to the many problems that are encountered in the experiential world of the clinical setting. Whereas nursing theory puts greater emphasis on client centered care, EBP also considers client preferences and so together they can ensure a more client centered approach. This way, clients and nurses will be able to engage in a therapeutic relationship, where trust, acceptance and mutuality are co-created by nursing and client, improving quality of care. I believe that theory guided practice in a way allows EBP to progress by generating conceptual problems. I think that integrating both EBP and theory based practice would yield the best results for both clients and nurses alike. It would lead to improved professional autonomy and give nurses a unique identity that guides our practice by what we know rather than by delegating nursing responsibilities. Also, nurses will be able to care for clients in a way that improves their health and well being within their own environments. Nursing theory can be used to provide guidance in creating and implementing evidence-based practice. In order to make a theory-guided, evidence-based practice possible and narrow the gap between research, theory and practice, a number of factors must be considered and addressed. Firstly, to help narrow the theory-practice gap, theory development should be targeted towards nurse educators as well as nurse practitioners. Institutions must make efforts to promote theory and practice as a whole unit rather than separate nursing actions. This in turn will help nurses apply relevance to academic knowledge in clinical practice. Students and nurses should also be exposed to theoretical principles more often. As well, effective guidelines for the application of theory in nursing practice should be developed and encouraged to be utilized. Furthermore, EBP can also be incorporated in educational faculties such as universities and within practice settings themselves. Hospitals should incorporate programs, seminars, orientation sessions, workshops and offer nurses continuing education courses that will focus on theoretical concepts and principles as well as skills such as searching and critiquing research and applying it to practice. Other programs can also be developed that will train nurses and focus on improving their knowledge and skill to critically evaluate research findings and its effect of their practice. Moreover, hospitals should have libraries near or within the clinical setting that will include current research journals in the libraries. Hospitals should also provide internet access in the clinical setting with good databases containing theory-based and evidence-based research articles. Hospitals should also implement policies, procedures and practice guidelines that are based on current evidence. It is also important for the theorists and researchers to directly participate in clinical settings. This will allow them to base their theories or research on real life experiences and use a language that could be easily understood by nurses. Moreover, it is essential to support information-seeking behaviours that demonstrate the use of present evidence- based and theory based practices. By promoting the benefits of EBP and theory-based practice, nurses can be the change champions who implement the best of both practices. Raudonis, B., Acton, G. (1997). Theory-based nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(1), 138-145. Canadian Nurses Association (2004). Making Best Practice Guidelines a Reality from Nursing Now: Issues and Trends in Canadian Nursing, No 17, 1-4.

De Beers Case Study

Case Study 2 Jason Jerew PEST Analysis Political: Most significance troubles for De Beers are due to government consequences in the United States due to diamond warfare in West Africa, diamonds are commencing to run by the destroyed areas of Republic of Sierra Leone as well as Republic of Angola, along with in Soviet Russia, mines are comprising controlled topically as contrary to together with De Beers. Economic: With a possible increase in diamond gross sales anticipated in the United States, stresses the fact that De Beers be abandoned in company merchandising as well as gross sales endeavor.Diminish in costs can severely hurt De Beers as well as the whole diamond manufacturer. Another problem De Beers is facing is company technique of bracing the diamond cost. Technology: By marketing for diamond merchandisers by the Central marketing company in Greater London, as well as ascertaining the supplying of diamonds provided for these merchandisers, De Beers assure what stones embark t he marketplace at what cost. This exclusive dispersion line has comprised at the center of company power to determine the diamond marketplace. Social:The symbolization of romance with diamonds has been in play for years. With the supply growing diamonds have continued the rise of uncommon and appreciated goods. Legal: Alterations to lawmaking. This might affect work, approach to stuffs, quotas, resourcefulness, consequences or exportations, revenue and so forth. Environmental: What is passing off with reference to ecologic as well as environmental consequences. Numerous of these components would be economical or sociable in nature. SWOT Analysis: Strength: 1. De Beers employs approximately 20,000 people around the world? 2.It is one of the biggest companies in the diamond industry, mining, trading and manufacturing? 3. Offers premium diamond jewelry which include necklaces, rings, bracelets, gifts etc. through 50 exclusive stores globally? 4. Strong brand name and brand equity globa lly? 5. De Beers is known for its association with international celebrities as brand ambassadors? Weakness: 1. Strong competition from other brands means limited market share growth? 2. Preference of people choosing gold over diamond, making it a premium product for occasions Opportunity: 1. It can increase its presence in global markets? . Acquisition of smaller businesses to increase brand position and reach? 3. Tie-ups with corporate and business partners Threats: 1. Trends change quickly, 2. Economic fluctuations mean people decrease their spending? 3. Government policies, taxes etc. also affect the premium jewelry segment Five Forces Substitutes: 1. No substitutes for diamonds 2. Cultural history 3. High cost of entry 4. Social Issues and status New Entrants: 1. Substantial brand name 2. High cost of entry 3. Existing mining relationships 4. Access to new mines 5. Control of output Customers: 1. No substitutes for diamonds . Customs and traditions 3. Quality of product 4. Not a necessity (luxury item) Suppliers: 1. Controls output 2. Alliances 3. Cash on delivery Competitive Rivalry 1. Strong brand 2. Trust already built with customers 3. Expertise 4. Control of output De Beers lost its grip on the market when the Soviet Union collapsed, which weakened their partnership, huge mine broke off from the cartel in Australia, new mines in Canada were discovered, and the rise of popularity with synthetic diamonds. De Beers decided to stop trying to control the market and instead focus on using its brand and marketing.De Beers devised a marketing planned that included public relations, and direct advertising in print and radio. To try and maintain its leading role in the market De Beers carried out monopolized practices. The company used different methods to exercise this control over the market: First, it convinced independent producers to join its single channel monopoly, it overloaded the market with diamonds similar to those of producers who refused to join the cartel and last, it purchased and stockpiled diamonds produced by other manufacturers in order to control prices through supply.

De Beers Case Study

Case Study 2 Jason Jerew PEST Analysis Political: Most significance troubles for De Beers are due to government consequences in the United States due to diamond warfare in West Africa, diamonds are commencing to run by the destroyed areas of Republic of Sierra Leone as well as Republic of Angola, along with in Soviet Russia, mines are comprising controlled topically as contrary to together with De Beers. Economic: With a possible increase in diamond gross sales anticipated in the United States, stresses the fact that De Beers be abandoned in company merchandising as well as gross sales endeavor.Diminish in costs can severely hurt De Beers as well as the whole diamond manufacturer. Another problem De Beers is facing is company technique of bracing the diamond cost. Technology: By marketing for diamond merchandisers by the Central marketing company in Greater London, as well as ascertaining the supplying of diamonds provided for these merchandisers, De Beers assure what stones embark t he marketplace at what cost. This exclusive dispersion line has comprised at the center of company power to determine the diamond marketplace. Social:The symbolization of romance with diamonds has been in play for years. With the supply growing diamonds have continued the rise of uncommon and appreciated goods. Legal: Alterations to lawmaking. This might affect work, approach to stuffs, quotas, resourcefulness, consequences or exportations, revenue and so forth. Environmental: What is passing off with reference to ecologic as well as environmental consequences. Numerous of these components would be economical or sociable in nature. SWOT Analysis: Strength: 1. De Beers employs approximately 20,000 people around the world? 2.It is one of the biggest companies in the diamond industry, mining, trading and manufacturing? 3. Offers premium diamond jewelry which include necklaces, rings, bracelets, gifts etc. through 50 exclusive stores globally? 4. Strong brand name and brand equity globa lly? 5. De Beers is known for its association with international celebrities as brand ambassadors? Weakness: 1. Strong competition from other brands means limited market share growth? 2. Preference of people choosing gold over diamond, making it a premium product for occasions Opportunity: 1. It can increase its presence in global markets? . Acquisition of smaller businesses to increase brand position and reach? 3. Tie-ups with corporate and business partners Threats: 1. Trends change quickly, 2. Economic fluctuations mean people decrease their spending? 3. Government policies, taxes etc. also affect the premium jewelry segment Five Forces Substitutes: 1. No substitutes for diamonds 2. Cultural history 3. High cost of entry 4. Social Issues and status New Entrants: 1. Substantial brand name 2. High cost of entry 3. Existing mining relationships 4. Access to new mines 5. Control of output Customers: 1. No substitutes for diamonds . Customs and traditions 3. Quality of product 4. Not a necessity (luxury item) Suppliers: 1. Controls output 2. Alliances 3. Cash on delivery Competitive Rivalry 1. Strong brand 2. Trust already built with customers 3. Expertise 4. Control of output De Beers lost its grip on the market when the Soviet Union collapsed, which weakened their partnership, huge mine broke off from the cartel in Australia, new mines in Canada were discovered, and the rise of popularity with synthetic diamonds. De Beers decided to stop trying to control the market and instead focus on using its brand and marketing.De Beers devised a marketing planned that included public relations, and direct advertising in print and radio. To try and maintain its leading role in the market De Beers carried out monopolized practices. The company used different methods to exercise this control over the market: First, it convinced independent producers to join its single channel monopoly, it overloaded the market with diamonds similar to those of producers who refused to join the cartel and last, it purchased and stockpiled diamonds produced by other manufacturers in order to control prices through supply.