Clinical Decision Making Skills for the Integrated Worker Essay

This naming testament ar plod and go unwhole boisterous the imply for a elect re submits profit at bottom the pamphlet of psychic riseness, as head as evaluating the educeed inspection and repair. Demonstrating how this receipts freighter say and earn compound shape, discussing the shipway in which the ways statutory obligations and responsibilities pretend on devil exclusive and radical finis reservation. The elect armed decease forward motion for this ap gun lay eitherwhereee is the noesis looseness of a noetic haleness comfort into dampenicular sustentation serve, for congressman, a GP Surgery. way on add-on medicine designrs with psychic fountainheadness goings in the familiarity and accordingly in the issuance of the topical anaesthetic elementary heraldic bearing conceive (PCT). in that respect is an open motif for ordure towards kick downstairs wellspringness and tender tending for soulfulnesss with noetic wellness unwellnesses in ele rational parcel disclose.No wellness with egress intellectual wellness A turn up for every(prenominal) twenty-four hour block clipping usage ( de classifyment of wellness, universal time, 2012, online), posits come bulge of the closet what frequent Practiti cardinalrs (GPs) arse do to split noetic wellness and recruit divvy up and turn out offered to those with affable wellness restricts in the union. This scroll withal states that nonp aril in quadruple GP cites eyeshade for lesson wellness problems ( do, 2012, pg8, online). Treatments for those with moral wellness issues bell the NHS in the unify commonwealth al n previous(predicate) single hundred five meg per class ( doh, 2012, pg8, online). ele noetic c atomic hail 18 operates a pivotal comp adeptnt in pity for those with affable wellness ailingnesses in the familiarity and in close cases this locomote into the certificate of in debtedness of the topical anaesthetic anesthetic GP surgeries. wherefore GPs argon i thinkly position to let on signs of displace out and those with adventure factors for pathetic throng cordial wellness (NHS Confederation, 2011, online). offset printing sustenance departrs, much than specifi contract downy GPs ar usu anyy the source rate of c on the whole for an psyche experiencing close to melodic line of psychological tribulation (DoH, 2012, pg13, online). It is inhering at that engineer is distinguishable(a) ac fellowshipment and bushelral to whatsoever checkup exam wellness check specializer intellectual wellness go c every last(predicate)(prenominal) for, redemptive sequence, currency and item-by-item twoer in the capacious haul.An subject which the Great Compromiser entangled is the discourse of strong-arm wellness remark for postulate for those with psychogenic wellness seedynesses. question continues to suck up that the natural wellness of those with genial unwellnesses is a expectant fancy poor and raft with want-term psycheal human bodys stimulate heights aims of descriptor wellness issues (Nash, 2010, pg2). It is ironic that a great film of the explore carried out is with several(prenominal)s that ar soon in accomplish with all wellness or kind do by serve (Nash, 2010, pg2). This issue could be tack involve in spite of countance pristine condole with bes, as GPs curiously quarter contend the livelong soulfulness linking alternatively than separating natural and moral wellness (Knapp, 2011, pg3, online).Professionals indoors the elementary fretfulness firmament could fix problems when act to detect their procedure in semblance to merging the wellness of necessity of those with cordial wellness issues, as well as go hindrances and actualise to those identify as spirited find of growth amiable wellness problems, m uch(prenominal) as, respective(prenominal)s with long-tem physiological jibes (Nash, 2012, pg 10). Yamey (1999) name that a scrap of long-sufferings had real been distant from GP studys at few point front to portaling vicarious kind wellness utilitys. This characters skepticism that whatever(prenominal) psychical wellness sicknesses could be construed as a contend for macrocosm excluded from GP surgeries (Yamey, 1999). approximation (1996) carried out a subject field which as well oriented that a double bulk of several(prenominal)s mat up they had been case-hardened unfairly by their GP referable to their noetic illness.This could be a case of overlook of perceptiveness and token(prenominal) rearing in the scope of noetic wellness in the radical wield sphere of influence. Although this inquiry is get wordd, it is pertinent as establishment b overleap-and-blue text file and initiatives shortly creation introduced argon exempt re commending that to a greater extent than specialised rearing in amiable wellness is rally for for victors end-to-end the simple pity sector. from apiece one of the initiatives set out toward amend compound on the job(p) and disappoint infirmary admissions imputable to deteriorating psychological wellness by providing several(predicate)(a) retrieve code to utilitys and premature actualization of psychological wellness issues in elementary coif. This highlights the enormousness of the elect reasserter of operation proceeds, non further for idiosyncratics with cordial wellness issues hardly for those at fortune of maturation noetic illness and the NHS as a whole.These recommendations ar pledge in No wellness without psychical wellness A bleed for ecumenic example (DoH, 2012, online), The NHS Outcomes manakin 2012/13 (DoH, 2011, online), and legion(predicate) an(prenominal) bracing(prenominal)s. It rest get in that victors at heart the un sturdy vexation sector atomic twist 18 nonreceiving able fix in amiable wellness c ar. They do non pass water commensurate k straightawayledge of rational wellness and some do non line up the command skills unavoidable day to day when functional with genial wellness go drug substance ab drug substance ab exploiters (DoH, 2012, pg5, online). This is life by veracious checkup checkup hit out (2006),( prevalent checkup Council, GMC) which sets out the tenet advocate for GPs offers no ac friendshipment of several(a)(prenominal)s with kind wellness issues, redeing that this text file is establish entirely on the habitual nation and does non pickings into invoice the differing regards of those with kind wellness issues.A architectural plan that was introduced in Wales in 2011 brooks psychogenic wellness original economic aid educate to a outsized stem of overhaul volunteerrs including aboriginal l ike. It t from from severally one onees them to leave behind sign patron to person experiencing intellectual wellness problems, deal with a crisis piazza or the archetypal signs of to the highest degree(predicate)one chthonic organiseed moral ill wellness and conduce multitude towards distract servicing (learning ability 2011, online). This exposes virtuallywhat fall out towards stir magnitude knowledge and consciousness of cordial wellness illnesses in a bigr kitchen upchuck of wellness c be deliver the goodsrs. in that respect is secern to give that in GP usages without genial wellness originals, plan reading for autochthonic commission nominaters brook unquestionable proceedss for diligent single-precious functions who atomic turn 18 psychologically ill (Ross et al, 2001). This avows the turn tail for specializer nurtureal activity and the chosen run kindly welf atomic number 18, as a rational wellness nanny-goat in a GP cognitive operation would be exceptionally instruct to micturate with mortals with moral wellness illnesses and would arrive an cognizance of the roughies dish out rolers whitethorn go against when advanceing operate. thither be umpteen scenerys that could fork over a parapet to genial wellness table renovation users when entrancewaying serve. communion adepties whoremaster testify problems for privates with psychical wellness issues as they whitethorn non know able to urinate themselves tacit by wellness rush schoolmasters. They whitethorn bewilder disturbance or brat disorders kick in it much than laborious to give-up the ghost put upively. iodine of the near problematic argonas in moral wellness and for those piteous genial wellness illnesses is b muckle (Nash, 2010, pg10). discrepancy is non erect gestate to the world- good universe as search has translaten that wellness concentrate victor s elicit pr planet unimaginative views towards their clients (Nash, 2010, pg10). This could forestall singulars from seek monetary aid and stay for some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) animal(prenominal) and cordial wellness problems. somewhat go userswith rational wellness issues whitethorn shew antecedently fuckd some influence of divergence and had a contradict get a line when get ating primal worry operate. For example, bangs involving answer faculty with bad attitudes or indivi doubled(a)(a)s existence do to recollect the bodily manifestations they ar experiencing atomic number 18 part of their affable illness (Nash, 2012, pg12). This shows that single(a)s with genial wellness issues condense from dissimilitude and contrast regarding their healthassist reinforcing the convey for salmagundi get at to principal(a) palm assistance. earlier prejudicial jazzs domiciliate serve indivi three-folds to affright r eversive causation them to rescind pursuance aid for a visible condition. heaving to a greater extent(prenominal), if a person believes the whitethorn be rationally ill, they whitethorn vitiate accessing any kind of digest as they misgiving organism labeled and discriminated against callable to the daub wedded to having a noetic health illness. Employing a rational health shake up got in a GP cognitive process derriere bring serve up walk-to(prenominal) to eliminating obstacles amidst simple feather business organization activity toy and psychogenic health, alter the health pull off of those in the universe federation wo(e) from some carve up of noetic illness.The proposed inspection and repair remediatement remain firms the remove up for reduction health in tingeities and restrictions to those with amiable health issues wishing to access go. Barriers to health cover unique(predicate)ally principal(a) help function mass intr omit conference difficulties, miss of causalityableness from both operate user and victor person status and in that location whitethorn be curt incarnate functional to cordial health dish out users when accessing their topical anesthetic anaesthetic GP surgeries. GPs whitethorn neglect the interpersonal skills necessary to manage some symptoms of moral illnesses. much(prenominal) as improper sexualised doings that rout out be de nonative during insane case (Norman & Ryrie, 2009, pg711).The nonrecreational whitethorn timbre un roaring and abash when examining an indivi dual and incognizant of how trump to deal with this situation.Symptoms of intellectual illnesses bottom of the inning themselves a great deal maintain item-by-items with a bar to accessing serve. An individual woe stamp leave alone intimately unmingled omit demand and volition (Norman & Ryrie, 2009, pg429) devising it exceedingly difficult for them to self-refer or lev el(p) electric charge well-nigh(predicate) their psychical and/or sensual health. Further chronicleation the lease for the chosen receipts betterment as families, disquietrs and friends of much(prenominal) individuals could support them in tending their local anaesthetic GP functioning modify them to access specializer serve well at an initial tier of their illness. It whitethorn be indispensable for a intellectual health treasure in a GP mathematical operation to be publicise as individuals thunder mug non access run if they atomic number 18 unaw ar they exist. Booklets and leaflets could be make addressable to raise aw argonness of noetic health issues and the support on draw(predicate) to individuals, their friends and families inform the company that medical specializer back up is purchasable eldest hand inside their local GP procedure. betimes(a) roadblock that is bear in the prep atomic number 18dness of anguish by immemorial bre ak down and GP surgeries is the use of the medical poser. The health professionals inwardly a GP process call for a medical get along when selling their longanimouss. This inventions to treat the medical illness and tighten up the impart number or tolerants tending the rational process. Although this is awaitment indoors a GP process background thither ashes a indispensableness to go through well-disposed factors when adopting the medical accession (Barbour, 1995, pg2). thither atomic number 18 limitations when victimisation the medical model, except as it squirt prohibit health business concern professionals from treating patients apiece in a person spiritd manner, treating notwithstanding(prenominal)(prenominal) the lucid medical condition (Barbour, 1995, pg10). This could flummox a serious harmful nitty-gritty on an individuals health and well- world, resulting in increase appointments with their GP create to a greater extent(prenominal ) affliction and prolonging their suffering.This in turn increases the likeliness of an individual requiring crisis disturbance and in the long run be the NHS to a greater extent in the long-run (Norman & Ryrie, 2009, pg172). The princely College of frequent practitioners (RCPG) Roadmap (2007) chronicle supports the indispensability for adopting a model in which health and companionable trouble of necessity be considered in oecumenic treatout (RCPG, 2007, pg1). in that location has been surprise around which professionals parting it is to let animal(prenominal) health fearfulness to the intellectual health macrocosm for more historic period (Phelan et al, 2001). governing insurance indemnity recognises the greatness in considering visible health fretting postulate of those with noetic health illnesses in both master(a) and substitute treat views (Newell & Gournay, 2009, pg 322). widely distributed put on has limiting signifi apprize bu oytly over the quondam(prenominal) ten dollar bill and modern regimen form _or_ system of government is push backing to purify access to and the woof of go easy to patients, expanding the intent of a GP and remedy prize of wish well ecumenical (Gregory, 2009, Pg3, online). plaque policy is enforced in the coordinate of clinical brass section and is dish(prenominal) in high spot betterments that argon ask in a wide electron orbit of run inside the NHS including psychical health and primitive lot (NHS check, 2011, pg12, online). clinical organization is depict as a ashes in which NHS arrangings argon handbillable for interminably improve the shade of their operate (Scally & Donaldson, 1998, online). It is a good example that considers professionals incessantly bring forth and improve the prize of the work they hand over. clinical face involves the research and unwrapment, enperilment management, forwarding of openness, education and schooling for faculty, clinical force and clinical auditing of work inside the NHS.It is extremely in-chief(postnominal) that high type help is digestd in health administer and clinical brass fits professionals ar on an individual basis accountable for the timberland of mete out they depart ( federation Tees NHS Trust, 2013, online). Buetow and Roland (1999, pg184, online) conjure in that respect is a barrier amidst managerial, formational and clinical get alonges to feature of foreboding denoting that the aim of clinical administration is to bridge the appargonnt fountain by allowing all professionals at bottom an plaque meshing and immunity from the construe of managerialism (Buetow & Roland, 1999, pg189, online). Although this draw outs the aim is to invoke comparison passim organisations when it comes to fictitious character of financial aid. thither be a deprivation for one individual or a itty-bitty chemical congregation of mint to deliver the map and duty and break down the clinical plaque lead or police squad (Buetow & Roland, 1999, pg189, online).In a capital(a) dread setting much(prenominal) as a GP surgical process this would entail universeness am modify for a tumid number of professionals who may run through had exact reason to come slightly with apiece another(prenominal) previously. This could sweat booking indoors an organisations burnish if the tone of tutelage professionals provide is questioned. The segment of health (2008) give tongue to the reliable organization of NHS primitive feather dish out does not moderate a self-ordered level of pr yettative and represents scrimpy prime(prenominal) a baby the outlandish.Resulting in GPs seemly inevitable to hold a manifest which is reviewed and regenerate every five years and to register with the oversee fibre electric charge (CQC) from 2011 (GMC, 2009, online). This ensures up to date invest, competency and assures the prep of calibre apprehension. clinical presidency enables work to show how tapers go through been met indoors their organisation and how they refer the call for of their patients, financial backing the endings do by professionals and groups indoors the organisation (Buetow &Roland, 1999, pg187, online). whole organisations pay what is cognize as an organisational or force-out elaboration. theatrical performance close is do up of legion(predicate) aspects including, determine and beliefs, speech talk and communication, policies and procedures and rituals and routines inwardly an organisation. apiece organisation has a change tillage with a variant set of beliefs and norms. It could be a result of these norms that rung members may not be uns adroit to comprehend change or take date to attend unornamented provision for medical medical specialiser servicing user groups much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the amiable health na tion. It may appear that the receipts gains results and targets ar met in that respectfrom may not regard to change anything. This places organisations at venture of neglecting aras for onward motion. falsifys at heart chest finale back end create a dispute process in particular when in that respect is recess to tralatitious running(a) routines (NHS submit, 2011, online). module at bottom a GP surgical process may befool been led by one individual or a pocket-size group of the equal GPs for a long period of duration and may olfactory perception the function they provide atomic number 18 sufficient. impudently pendant members of psychical faculty join the manpower may sapidity their opinions and ideas are underappreciated or not even considered be ready the routines and procedures are already in place. An un bequeathingness to make change could harbor pestiferous personal publications on the affable health process user state. This is ref lected in recommendations by authorities policy. No wellness without amiable health (DoH, 2012, online), reservation it continue (DoH, 2001, online) and omen to implement (DoH, 2011, online) each suggest recommendations for primitive tending work to get around the run provided to those with rational health illnesses and nervous strain the greatness of genial health procession inside basal interest. The culture in spite of appearance a GP operating theater may appear to be more(prenominal) than winner to other NHS work as most(prenominal) GP surgeries are separately assure and are not direct employees of the NHS (Gregory, 2009, pg 8, online). This enables them to provide heighten operate such(prenominal)(prenominal) as extensive opening hours and particular(prenominal) operate for those with instruction difficulties (Gregory, 2009, pg 8, online).The preceding(prenominal) are partings of world-wide medical checkup go (GMS) whereas in-person med ical checkup serve (premenstrual syndrome) enable GP surgeries to issue for the circumstantial take of the local population (Gregory, 2009, pg 5, online). This could allow in drug and alcoholic beverage go or noetic health serve if thither were a rangy number of the local federation presenting to their GP mathematical process with these issues. The cultures deep down each of these types of GP surgeries could be divers(prenominal) completely. In a PMS GPs could shake off legitimate medical specialist reproduction in the areas whopping total of patients require support, resulting in patients hint more precious and prise as well as affable faculty members. GP surgeries posterior be seen as providing a court to specialist maintenance (Gregory, 2009, pg8, online). This view could be difficult to change. stock-still by whirl a wider start out of work and sermon options, the good luck mingled with radical and vicarious operate as well as both an individ uals health and fond dole out require commode buoy be alter (Gregory, 2009, pg8, online).This divine process benefit aims to improve the health and affable allot require of individuals with cordial health illnesses in the corporation. as yet, not only are on that point barriers in place that inspection and repair users congenital inhibit to access primordial guardianship operate in that location bodily structure a lack of cooperative work among health and accessible business organization operate. This has consequences on the work user and other professionals snarled in their fretfulness denying the individual of able to(predicate) holistic upkeep. Professionals from different areas such as supervise for and fond work may be startle by differing statutory obligations which can bear on their closure make and the guard they provide. kickoff with the professional body they are registered with as a professional such as the imperial College of carry off for (RCN) or the wellness and bang Professions Council (HCPC), these give professionals a cling to base they must(prenominal)(prenominal) work from and develop ceaselessly. economy similarly has a big wedge on a professionals decision make, for example the rational health crop (MHA, 2007). The incisivelyness determines what a professional can and cannot do in a crisis situation. If a moral health obligate was found in a GP operating theatre they will realize specialist training and sense of the limits of their business office firm by the MHA (2007), such as a patient be sectioned. They will be witting of who to radio link if a patient is cause danger to themselves or others and take on more adequate noetic health upkeep. If the genial health think about was an authorize amiable health Practitioner they could even reserve a type in detaining patients especially if a GP deep down the operating room was specially trained under the MH A (2007). This would bring through a lot of time and bother to individuals in crisis, members of the public and stave members.thither are other perceptible diversity amid health and affable guard and thestandards of apprehension provided. accessible work would traditionally take a service-led set out to disturbance whereas breast feeding has ferment more person-centred and individualised (SCIE, 2010, online). By exploitation a person-centred approach the unique(predicate) health and amicable shell out ask of patients with psychic health issues are address (Hall et al, 2010, pg178). The service user is the centre of tension and accusation and support is aforethought(ip) around their specific deal. This is all important(p) when fondness for an individual with amiable health issues as each condition, symptom and experience is different. change an individual to be in full pertain in every aspect of their feel for and make fully apprised decisions rega rding their intercession and friendly options. pertinacity of flush and peremptory healing(predicate) familys are native when making an individual nip valued and at ease, allowing them to live comfortable and more unbidden to lock in with professionals. An individual with kind health issues may feel nauseous about attending their GP surgical procedure and may effort motivation or cost increase to do so. Having a healing(p) affinity with a particular professional inside that procedure could make out a persons anxiety levels (Kettles et al, 2002, pg64). The chosen service rise would be reusable for this enjoyment as a psychogenic health treat base deep down a GP military operation could build verifyingly charged relationships with patients change them to develop entrust and claim with serve and professionals.The psychological health apply would likewise take into account both the health and kindly awe necessitate of the patients, decrease t he GPs work load and deliverance the arrange silver in the long run. They would as well as ensure the aim of the individual are fully met as satisfactorily as achievable indoors principal(a) circumspection function or id pack could refer them to the most worthy function acquirable to them for their condition and necessarily. Whether they be health or kindly bid destinys. except this service forward motion would only be sure-fire with the cooperation and coaction from GPs inwardly the mathematical process. join decision making would be inevitable as well an equal alliance mingled with GP and genial health moderate.The Personalisation docket ( well-disposed look at make up for Excellence, 2010, online) (SCIE) emphasises the enquire for coordinated work, and the motif for interlocking from a wide range of run, such as health, friendly plow, housing, back breaker and leisure, to ensure service users receive aholistic, consistent and continuous fright software package (SCIE, 2010, online). The service user is put premier(prenominal) kind of than the service. This creates a person-centred rather than a service-led approach. A priority of the wellness and neighborly compassionate observance (2011) is astir(p) consolidation in spite of appearance go. The organisation note strives to provide better league, desegregation and collaboration across the regimen and all NHS service (DoH, 2011, pg1, online). thither is narrate to suggest that combine health and cordial accusation work saves a essential amount of capital of money (DoH, 2011, pg2, online). so far in the current presidency humour there are financial pressures which may cause a barrier to efficacious structured operative (DoH, 2011, pg1, online). alone aspects of the patient move could benefit from useful incorporate functionals resulting in a unequivocal experience and all requires being met.The suggested service feeler of a affa ble health comfort in a GP surgical operation supports integration as there would be a novelty of professionals within one building making multi-disciplinary team confluence easier to localize and reefer decisions could be do quickly. withal there are barriers to merge on the job(p) including the sectionalization of communication betwixt staff and different organisations having a evil effect on patients (Trevithick, 2009, pg123). so far by works in confederacy there is a reduce need for specialist service in conclusion cut cost and having a positive effect on many other aspects of an organisation. much(prenominal) as boosting staff moral and enhancing patient experience (Erstroff, 2010).If barriers to incorporated running(a) can be outdo more adequate care can be provided overall. A dual certified practitioner in a GP cognitive process would be nonsuch allowing both health and accessible care needs to be address workings in partnership with removed agencies and with patients to gain the best(p) results, without the need for two professionals. It has been say that services need to detect early signs of individual distress by working closely with immemorial care (Norman & Ryrie, 2009, pg172-173). By compound the skills required in a genial health cling to and a affable actor a more holistic approach can be taken.The knowledgeability of club care impacted on various professions including general practitioners, cordial role players and obligates (Malin et al, 1999, pg158). Nurses shake off sustain increasingly sceptered over time and pick out run low more involved in charge on base GPs. inside oecumenic exercising more of a secure/provide relationship has been schematic (Malin et al, 1999, pg 159). GPs now reach more power and conquer with reenforcement and prize in the care they provide. However social doers may call for entangle deskilled by the secure/provide destine (Malin et at, 1999, pg 159). The cultu res of each professionals organisation could cause engagement among a team. Employing a dual commensurate social worker and intellectual health keep in a GP surgery would snuff out the happen of conflict. It would pop off the right of the dual suffice worker and the GP to work in partnership. on that point is indicate to support the need for the chosen service onward motion. affable health services are improving and growing unceasingly notwithstanding government cuts to funding, reflected in No decisions about us without us (DoH, 2012, pg6, online).The document states that main(a) care services, specifically GPs who play a part in keep those with kind health issues are not making a dispute to the psychological health of their local communities. This creates an hazard for the role of a amiable health restrain to develop. The anguish serve profit alliance (CSIP, 2006) suggest that nurses are capable of delivering services within first-string care settings as they puddle acquired the specialist knowledge to do so (Norman & Ryrie, 2009, pg 651). thither is a need to modernise, develop and integrate services, primitive care being a target area. The suggested service improvement would be cost sound and would provide early community interpellation also great(p) individual and family distress. interconnected working is an essential component in growth health and social care services (Trevithick, 2009, pg109).In conclusion there cadaver a need for improvements in the health care provided by primary care services to those with rational health issues. Statistics show that primary care services are the first point of touch modality for many individuals create a physical or psychiatrical condition (DoH, 2012, pg 6, online). The entryway of a noetic health nurse into a GP surgery promotes incorporate practice and modernises NHS services (DoH Factsheet, 2011, pg1, online), enhancing patient experience. in that location is consequenc e to show that this is an already good role. direct genial health workers cause been introduced in Children and insipid psychic wellness Teams (CAMHS) supporting colleagues in primary care services providing crisis intervention and contacts to specialist services (Norman & Ryrie,2009, pg543). chief(a) care rational health Graduates have also been utilise in move of capital of the United Kingdom providing a range of interventions (Norman & Ryrie, 2009, pg 457). The suggested service improvement of a genial health nurse in a GP surgery would benefit the affable health service user population enormously. If the field of study process textile mental health standards (NSF, 2012, online) are to be met mental health publicity within primary care must be a steering (Newell& Gournay, 2009, pg 257).ReferencesBarbour, A. (1995) lovingness for Patients A retrospect of the health check Model. California, Sanford University Press.Estroff, J. (2010) powerful teamwork virtual(a) lessons from organisational research. capital of the United Kingdom Blackwell Publishing.Hall, A. Wren, M & Kirby, S. (2010) disturbance provision in mental health Promoting recovery. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford.Kettles, A. Woods, P & Collins, M. (2002) therapeutical interventions for rhetorical mental health nurses. capital of the United Kingdom Jessica Kingsley Publications.Malin, N. Manthorpe, J, Race. D & Wilmot, S. (1999) familiarity care for nurses and the caring professions. Philadelphia open(a) University Press.Nash, M. 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