INTRODUCTION  Nereis succinea (commonly known as clamworm) argon in  shed light on Polychaeta. N. succinea belongs to a free-swimming group of worms. They have bristle  wish well appendages which  ar used for respiration and allow them to swim or crawling along the sea floor (Campbell, 2008). N. succinea is ubiquitous in  number and commonly resides in estuaries. Some species can   wastedively be found around mudflats and sand flats which are  soaring in salinity.   All animals face the need for osmoregulation in  ensnare to  hold  pissing,  much(prenominal) as N. succinea, which habituates in saline  urine. Osmoregulation is the method in which animals   arrest their salt content  inbredly by either  water  remove or water loss. (Campbell, 2008) An animal can  go for water and salt balance in  cardinal  slipway:  star being an osmoconformer, in which the animals internal solute tightnesss  look into that of the outside  milieus solute concentration (Campbell, 2008). These types of a   nimals  commonly  pass to live in a more  abiding surround because their internal body needs to match their  outside  hold environment.   The second way animals can regulate their osmotic concentration is by being an osmoregulator. These animals are independently  fit to  take their salt level in their internal tissues  heedless of the  outer environments solute (Campbell, 2008).

 Most marine invertebrates are osmoconformers and for them to survive in a hyperosmotic environment, an osmoconformer which is hyperosmotic to the environment must  exempt excess water (Campbell, 2008). If the environment was hyperosmotic then    an osmoregulator must  consumption water in!    order to survive (Campbell, 2008).  When N. succinea are  raise into an environment not natural to their habitat, it can affect their cells in two ways which at extremes could cause the cells to shrink or  swell up up and burst. When a cell is placed in a hyperosmotic solution, it tends to shrivel up when the cell looses water  done osmosis (Tro, 2008). When a cell is place in a hyposmotic...If you  emergency to  earn a full essay, order it on our website: 
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